“Is More Better?”:Impact of Multiple Photos on Perception of Persona Profiles

In this research, we investigate if and how more photos than a single headshot can heighten the level of information provided by persona profiles. We conduct eye-tracking experiments and qualitative interviews with variations in the photos: a single headshot, a headshot and images of the persona in different contexts, and a headshot with pictures of different people representing key persona attributes. The results show that more contextual photos significantly improve the information end users derive from a persona profile; however, showing images of different people creates confusion and lowers the informativeness. Moreover, we discover that choice of pictures results in various interpretations of the persona that are biased by the end users' experiences and preconceptions. The results imply that persona creators should consider the design power of photos when creating persona profiles

A Template for Data-Driven Personas:Analyzing 31 Quantitatively Oriented Persona Profiles

Following the proliferation ofpersonified big data and data science algorithms, data-driven user personas (DDPs) are becoming more common in persona design.However, the DDP templates are seemingly diverse and frag-mented, prompting a need for a synthesis of the information included in these personas. Analyzing 31 templates for DDPs, we find that DDPs vary greatly by their information richness, asthe most informative layout hasmore than 300% more information categories than the least informative layout. We also find that graphical complexity and information richness do not necessarily correlate. Fur-thermore, the chosen persona development methodmay carry over to the infor-mation presentation, with quantitative data typically presented as scores, metrics, or tables and qualitative data as text-rich narratives. We did not find one “general template” for DDPs and defining thisis difficultdue to the variety of the outputs of different methods as well as differentinformation needs of the persona users.Following the proliferation ofpersonified big data and data science algorithms, data-driven user personas (DDPs) are becoming more common in persona design.However, the DDP templates are seemingly diverse and frag-mented, prompting a need for a synthesis of the information included in these personas. Analyzing 31 templates for DDPs, we find that DDPs vary greatly by their information richness, asthe most informative layout hasmore than 300% more information categories than the least informative layout. We also find that graphical complexity and information richness do not necessarily correlate. Fur-thermore, the chosen persona development methodmay carry over to the infor-mation presentation, with quantitative data typically presented as scores, metrics, or tables and qualitative data as text-rich narratives. We did not find one “general template” for DDPs and defining thisis difficultdue to the variety of the outputs of different methods as well as differentinformation needs of the persona users

Why Can't Rodents Vomit? A Comparative Behavioral, Anatomical, and Physiological Study

The vomiting (emetic) reflex is documented in numerous mammalian species, including primates and carnivores, yet laboratory rats and mice appear to lack this response. It is unclear whether these rodents do not vomit because of anatomical constraints (e.g., a relatively long abdominal esophagus) or lack of key neural circuits. Moreover, it is unknown whether laboratory rodents are representative of Rodentia with regards to this reflex. Here we conducted behavioral testing of members of all three major groups of Rodentia; mouse-related (rat, mouse, vole, beaver), Ctenohystrica (guinea pig, nutria), and squirrel-related (mountain beaver) species. Prototypical emetic agents, apomorphine (sc), veratrine (sc), and copper sulfate (ig), failed to produce either retching or vomiting in these species (although other behavioral effects, e.g., locomotion, were noted). These rodents also had anatomical constraints, which could limit the efficiency of vomiting should it be attempted, including reduced muscularity of the diaphragm and stomach geometry that is not well structured for moving contents towards the esophagus compared to species that can vomit (cat, ferret, and musk shrew). Lastly, an in situ brainstem preparation was used to make sensitive measures of mouth, esophagus, and shoulder muscular movements, and phrenic nerve activity-key features of emetic episodes. Laboratory mice and rats failed to display any of the common coordinated actions of these indices after typical emetic stimulation (resiniferatoxin and vagal afferent stimulation) compared to musk shrews. Overall the results suggest that the inability to vomit is a general property of Rodentia and that an absent brainstem neurological component is the most likely cause. The implications of these findings for the utility of rodents as models in the area of emesis research are discussed. © 2013 Horn et al

Loading Precursors into Self Assembling Contacts for Improved Performance and Process Control in Evaporated Perovskite Solar Cells

Organo lead halide perovskites are promising materials for solar cell applications with efficiencies now exceeding 26 for single junction, and over 33 for silicon tandem devices. Evaporation has proven viable for industrial scale up but presents challenges for perovskite materials. Perovskite precursor is introduced into self assembling MeO 2PACz hole transport layers for application to 4 source perovskite coevaporation. This allows precursors that can be difficult to add via evaporation, like methylammonium chloride. These precursor molecules influence growth during evaporation, film behavior during annealing as measured by photoluminescence, and aid the conversion to perovskite as shown by X Ray diffraction. Devices have improved power conversion efficiency and stability compared to a control sample within the same evaporation. The best cells reach amp; 8776;21 efficiency and comparable performing amp; 8776;20 cells maintain their original efficiency after 1000 amp; 8201;h of maximum power tracking at 25 amp; 8201; C. This process provides significant process flexibility for perovskite evaporation and requires no additional step

Structures of (5′S)-8,5′-Cyclo-2′-deoxyguanosine Mismatched with dA or dT

pubs.acs.org/cr

Using persona as lenses for a reference model

This paper investigates the value of persona in relation to a conceptual product: the ENVRI reference model designed for environmental research infrastructures. Three personas have been created to understand the use of the model and the challenges faced when applying it. Personas helped identify the level of support required by different users, prioritise the audience to address first, and revealed what aspects of the model are important to different audiences. We have made significant progress in understanding how to improve communication about the model to each persona

User-Centered Development of a Public Transportation Vehicle Operated in a Demand Responsive Environment

Within the scope of the research project "Reallabor Schorndorf", funded by the German state, demand responsive transport and operating systems as well as a virtual vehicle concept for public transport (PT) were designed and tested in a "real-world laboratory". The aim of the subproject Vehicle Development was to design a vehicle in an effective and repeatable manner that best meets the users requirements with respect to the demand responsive public transport system. The novel user-centered development methodology and the exemplary result are higlighted in this contributio