Quantification of propidium iodide delivery with millisecond electric pulses: A model study

A model study of propidium iodide delivery with millisecond electric pulses is presented; this work is a companion of the experimental efforts by Sadik et al. [1]. Both membrane permeabilization and delivery are examined with respect to six extra-cellular conductivities. The transmembrane potential of the permeabilized regions exhibits a consistent value, which corresponds to a bifurcation point in the pore-radius-potential relation. Both the pore area density and membrane conductance increase with an increasing extra-cellular conductivity. On the other hand, the inverse correlation between propidium iodide delivery and extra-cellular conductivity as observed in the experiments is quantitatively captured by the model. This agreement confirms that this behavior is primarily mediated by electrophoretic transport during the pulse. The results suggest that electrophoresis is important even for the delivery of small molecules such as propidium iodide. The direct comparison between model prediction and experimental data presented in this work helps validate the former as a robust predictive tool for the study of electroporation

The College Students’ Behavioral Intention to Use Mobile Reading Apps in Sichuan, China

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the college students’ behavioral intention to use mobile reading applications in Sichuan, China. The key variables include perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived value, perceived enjoyment, attitude, social influence, and behavioral intention. Research design, data, and methodology: The target population is 500 students from three universities in Sichuan. The quantitative research method used in this study was based on a questionnaire. The sampling technique contains judgmental, stratified random and convenience sampling. The content validity was confirmed by the index of item-objective congruence (IOC). The pilot test involves 50 participants to ensure reliability by Cronbach’s alpha. The data were analyzed by Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: The social influence presented the strongest effect on behavioral intention and proved that attitude directly influenced behavioral intention. The significant influences that support attitude are perceived ease of use, usefulness, value, and enjoyment. Conclusions: The research can help developers to develop effective mobile reading apps related to excellent traditional Chinese cultural knowledge. Educators can promote the dissemination of excellent traditional Chinese cultural knowledge can consider improving the influence of mobile phone reading content and software in society to help college students improve their learning efficiency

The Determinants of Behavioral Intention to Use Mobile Reading Apps of Collage Students in Chongqing, China

Purpose: This research examined the determinants of behavioral intention of college students in Chongqing who have mobile reading experience of excellent Chinese traditional culture. The conceptual framework proposed causal relationships among perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived value, perceived enjoyment, attitude, social influence, and behavioral intention. Research design, data, and methodology: 500 students from three universities in Chongqing were selected. The researcher used the questionnaire as a tool. The sampling technique contains judgmental, stratified random and convenience sampling. The content validity was confirmed by the index of item-objective congruence (IOC). The pilot test involves 50 participants to ensure reliability by Cronbach’s alpha. Results: The social influence presented the strongest effect on behavioral intention and proved that attitude directly influenced behavioral intention. The significant influences that support attitude were perceived value and perceived enjoyment. Nevertheless, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness had no significant influence on attitude. The factors of perceived value and perceived enjoyment indirectly impacted behavioral intention. Conclusions: The research can help developers to consider these factors that affect users more when developing mobile reading apps related to excellent traditional Chinese cultural knowledge

A new approach to understanding the frequency response of mineral oil

Dielectric spectroscopy is non-invasive diagnostic method and can give information about dipole relaxation, electrical conduction and structure of molecules. Since the creation of charge carriers in mineral oil is not only from dissociation but also injection from electrodes, the injection current cannot be simply ignored. The polarization caused by the charge injection has been studied in this paper. Based on our research, if the mobility of the injected charge carriers is fast enough so that they can reach the opposite electrode, the current caused by the injection will contribute only to the imaginary part of the complex permittivity and this part of the complex permittivity will decrease with the frequency with a slope of -1 which is in a good agreement with the experimental result. The classic ionic drift and diffusion model and this injection model will be combined to make an improved model. In this paper, the frequency responses of three different kinds of mineral oils have been measured, and this modified model has been used to simulate the experiment result. Since there is only one unknown parameter in this improved model, a better understanding of the frequency response in mineral oil can be achieve

On nonlinear instability of liquid Lane-Emden stars

We establish a dynamical nonlinear instability of liquid Lane-Emden stars in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ whose adiabatic exponents take values in $[1,\frac43)$. Our proof relies on a priori estimates for the free boundary problem of a compressible self-gravitating liquid, as well as a quantitative analysis of the competition between the fastest linear growing mode and the source

Scattering theory below energy for the cubic fourth-order Schr\"{o}dinger equation

We investigate the global existence and scattering for the cubic fourth-order Schr\"{o}dinger equation $iu_t+\Delta^2u+|u|^2u=0$ in the low regularity space $H^s(\R^n)$ with $s<2$. We provide an alternative approach to obtain a new interaction Morawetz estimate and extend the range of the dimension of the interactive estimate in Pausader \cite{P08} by modifying a tensor product method appeared in \cite{CGT}. We combine interaction Morawetz estimates, energy increments for the I-method to prove the result.Comment: 33page

Quasi-B-mode generated by high-frequency gravitational waves and corresponding perturbative photon fluxes

Interaction of very low-frequency primordial(relic) gravitational waves(GWs) to cosmic microwave background(CMB) can generate B-mode polarization. Here, for the first time we point out that the electromagnetic(EM) response to high-frequency GWs(HFGWs) would produce quasi-B-mode distribution of the perturbative photon fluxes, and study the duality and high complementarity between such two B-modes. Based on this quasi-B-mode in HFGWs, it is shown that the distinguishing and observing of HFGWs from the braneworld would be quite possible due to their large amplitude, higher frequency and very different physical behaviors between the perturbative photon fluxes and background photons, and the measurement of relic HFGWs may also be possible though face to enormous challenge.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, research articl

Multiband Printed Loop Mobile Phone Antenna for LTE/WWAN/GNSS Application

A multiband printed loop mobile phone antenna for LTE/WWAN/GNSS application is presented. It covers seven communication bands (VSWR < 3) and GNSS band (VSWR < 1.5). The so-called GNSS (global navigation satellite system) band includes COMPASS, GALILEO, GPS, and GLONASS. From the analysis of the structure, the coupled-fed antenna mainly consists of three parts: the feeding strip, shorted strip, and U-shaped parasitic coupling strip. The proposed antenna works in three resonant modes, respectively, at 860 MHz (0.25λ), 1620 MHz (0.5λ), and 2620 MHz (1λ). A solution is provided, by which the navigation antenna can be integrated into the communication main antenna to save space. The antenna not only can work in GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS2100/LTE2300/2500 bands but also covers the world’s four major navigation systems. Moreover, the proposed antenna can be easily printed on the circuit board without loading any lumped element and only occupies a small volume of 18 × 32 × 3 mm3, which is suitable for smartphone application. In addition, the redundant design of multinavigation system is quite favorable for the elimination of errors or shadow area caused by single navigation system, especially for outdoor investigation, national security, and so on

Superradiance of massive scalar particles around rotating regular black holes

Regular black holes, as an important attempt to eliminate the singularities in general relativity, have been widely concerned. Due to the fact that the superradiance associated with rotating regular black holes plays an indispensable role in black hole physics, we calculate the superradiance related effects, {\em i.e.}, the superradiance instability and the energy extraction efficiency for a scalar particle with a small mass around a rotating regular black hole, where the rotating regular black hole is constructed by the modified Newman-Janis algorithm (NJA). We analytically give the eigenfrequency associated with instability and the amplification factor associated with energy extraction. For two specific models, the rotating Hayward and Bardeen black holes, we investigate how their regularization parameters affect the growth of instability and the efficiency of energy extraction from the two rotating regular black holes. We find that the regularization parameters give rise to different modes on the superradiance instability and the energy extraction when the rotation parameters are varying. There are two modes for the growth of superradiance instability, and four modes for the energy extraction. Our results show the diversity of superradiance in the competition between the regularization parameter and the rotation parameter for rotating regular black holes.Comment: v1: 32 pages, 15 figures, 1 appendi