Poly[diaqua­bis(μ-4-carb­oxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxyl­ato-κ3 N 3,O 4:O 5)calcium(II)]

In the title complex, [Ca(C8H9N2O4)2(H2O)2]n, the CaII atom is eight-coordinated in a distorted square-anti­prismatic environment. The water-coordinated Ca atom is N,O-chelated by the monocarboxyl­ate anion; the carboxyl –CO2 portion engaged in chelation bears an acid hydrogen. The free –CO2 portion engages in bonding to adjacent Ca atoms. The CaII centres are connected through the ligand, forming a layer structure; the layers are linked by hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta +294T > C polymorphism and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (<it>PPARD</it>) gene affects serum lipid profiles, but to what extent alcohol consumption interferes with this association remains unknown. The present study was undertaken to compare the association of <it>PPARD </it>+294T > C (rs2016520) polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the nondrinkers and drinkers.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 685 unrelated nondrinkers and 497 drinkers aged 15-82 were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples. Genotyping of the <it>PPARD </it>+294T > C was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Interactions of the <it>PPARD </it>+294T > C genotypes and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels were detected by using a factorial regression analysis after controlling for potential confounders.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The levels of triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, and the ratio of ApoA1 to ApoB were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers (<it>P </it>< 0.05-0.001). There were no significant differences in the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and ApoB between the two groups (<it>P </it>> 0.05 for all). The frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotypes were 56.0%, 36.4% and 7.6% in nondrinkers, and 57.2%, 38.0% and 4.8% in drinkers (<it>P </it>> 0.05); respectively. The frequencies of T and C alleles were 74.2% and 25.8% in nondrinkers, and 76.2% and 23.8% in drinkers (<it>P </it>> 0.05); respectively. There was also no significant difference in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between males and females in both groups (<it>P </it>> 0.05 for all). The levels of TC in nondrinkers were different among the three genotypes (<it>P </it>= 0.01), the C allele carriers had higher serum TC levels than the C allele noncarriers. The levels of all seven lipid traits in drinkers were not different among the three genotypes (P > 0.05 for all). The interactions of <it>PPARD </it>+294T > C genotypes and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels were not detected in the drinkers (<it>P ></it>0.05 for all). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoA1, and ApoB levels were correlated with genotypes in drinkers but not in nondrinkers (<it>P </it>< 0.05-0.01).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggest that the great majority of our study populations are beneficial from alcohol consumption. But there is no interaction between the <it>PPARD </it>+294T > C genotypes and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels in the drinkers.</p

Diaqua­bis­(5-carb­oxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl­ato-κ2 N 3,O 4)cadmium N,N-dimethyl­formamide disolvate

In the title complex, [Cd(C8H9N2O4)2(H2O)2]·2C3H7NO, the six-coordinate CdII ion is in a slightly distorted octa­hedral environment, defined by two O atoms from two coordinated water mol­ecules and two carboxyl­ate O atoms and two N atoms from two N,O-bidentate 5-carb­oxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl­ate ligands. In the crystal, complex mol­ecules and dimethyl­formamide solvent mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional supra­molecular structure. The propyl groups of the ligands are disordered over two conformations with refined occupancies of 0.680 (7) and 0.320 (7)

catena-Poly[[diaqua­calcium(II)]-bis­(μ-quinoline-3-carboxyl­ato)]

In the title complex, [Ca(C10H6NO2)2(H2O)2]n, the CaII ion is eight-coordinated by six carboxyl­ate O atoms from four separate quinoline-3-carboxyl­ate ligands, two of which are bidentate chelate and two bridging, and two water mol­ecules in a distorted square-anti­prismatic geometry. The bridging groups form a polymeric chain substructure extending along the c axis, the chains being connected by coordinated-water O—H⋯N and O—H⋯Ocarboxyl­ate hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional framework structure

Diaqua­bis­(4-carb­oxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxyl­ato-κ2 N 3,O 4)copper(II) N,N-dimethyl­formamide disolvate

In the title complex, [Cu(C8H9N2O4)2(H2O)2]·2C3H7NO, the CuII ion, lying on an inversion center, is six-coordinated in a slightly distorted octa­hedral geometry. Two N atoms and two O atoms from two H2pimda (H3pimda is 2-propyl-1H-4,5-dicarb­oxy­lic acid) ligands are in the equatorial plane. The axial positions are occupied by two O atoms from two water mol­ecules. A two-dimensional supra­molecular network parallel to (001) is constructed by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. An intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond is also observed

5H-Imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline

The title mol­ecule, C13H8N4, is is essentially planar [r.m.s. deviation for all non-H atoms = 0.025 (3) Å]. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected through one weak bifurcated N—H⋯(N,N) hydrogen bond and three π–π stacking inter­actions between pyridine and imidazole rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.631 (8) Å] and between pyridine and benzene rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.675 (5) and 3.666 (2) Å]

3-Carb­oxy-5-(pyridinium-4-yl)benzoate: a redetermination

The title compound, C13H9NO4, crystallizes in a zwitterionic form with the pyridine N atom protonated and the carboxyl OH group deprotonated. The benzene and pyridinium rings are inclined with a dihedral angle of 31.42 (14)° between them. A previous report of this stucture claims, we believe incorrectly, that neither of the carboxyl­ate groups is deprotonated [Zhang et al. (2010 ▶). Acta Cryst. E66, o2928–o2928]. In the crystal, inter­molecular O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions link adjacent mol­ecules into a three-dimensional supra­molecular network

Phylogenetic structure and formation mechanism of shrub communities in arid and semiarid areas of the Mongolian Plateau

The mechanisms of species coexistence within a community have always been the focus in ecological research. Community phylogenetic structure reflects the relationship of historical processes, regional environments, and interactions between species, and studying it is imperative to understand the formation and maintenance mechanisms of community composition and biodiversity. We studied the phylogenetic structure of the shrub communities in arid and semiarid areas of the Mongolian Plateau. First, the phylogenetic signals of four plant traits (height, canopy, leaf length, and leaf width) of shrubs and subshrubs were measured to determine the phylogenetic conservation of these traits. Then, the net relatedness index (NRI) of shrub communities was calculated to characterize their phylogenetic structure. Finally, the relationship between the NRI and current climate and paleoclimate (since the Last Glacial Maximum, LGM) factors was analyzed to understand the formation and maintenance mechanisms of these plant communities. We found that desert shrub communities showed a trend toward phylogenetic overdispersion; that is, limiting similarity was predominant in arid and semiarid areas of the Mongolian Plateau despite the phylogenetic structure and formation mechanisms differing across habitats. The typical desert and sandy shrub communities showed a significant phylogenetic overdispersion, while the steppified desert shrub communities showed a weak phylogenetic clustering. It was found that mean winter temperature (i.e., in the driest quarter) was the major factor limiting steppified desert shrub phylogeny distribution. Both cold and drought (despite having opposite consequences) differentiated the typical desert to steppified desert shrub communities. The increase in temperature since the LGM is conducive to the invasion of shrub plants into steppe grassland, and this process may be intensified by global warming

Diaqua­bis(5-carb­oxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl­ato-κ2 N 3,O 4)nickel(II) N,N-dimethyl­formamide disolvate

In the title complex, [Ni(C8H9N2O4)2(H2O)2]·2C3H7NO, the NiII atom is six-coordinated by two N,O-bidentate 5-carb­oxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxyl­ate ligands and two water mol­ecules in a distorted octa­hedral environment. The methyl C and H atoms of the two ligands are disordered over two sets of sites in 0.74 (2):0.26 (2) and 0.57 (8):0.43 (8) ratios. A supra­molecular network is stabilized by intra- and inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the ligands, coordinated water mol­ecules and dimethyl­formamide solvent mol­ecules