Evaluation of Common Antimicrobials against Clinical Isolates: An In Vitro Study

Purpose: In this era of COVID-19, one of the most effective protective measures to prevent respiratory diseases is maintaining hand hygiene. Moreover, the use of hand sanitizer, hand wash, antiseptics, and disinfectants increased abruptly in this outbreak. Materials & Methods: An in vitro antimicrobial potential of twelve antimicrobials were chosen for this study. They were tested for their antibacterial activity using disk diffusion and agar well diffusion methods against eleven clinical isolates from urine, wounds, tracheal aspirate, and sputum. Results: Clinical isolates were presumptively identified using standard microbiological procedures as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter sp., and Streptococcus sp. Among all the antimicrobials, Savlon (family size) antiseptic disinfectant showed the highest zone of inhibition (ZOIs) against most of the bacterial isolates, followed by hand sanitizer Hexisol. Whereas, the least antimicrobial activity was observed by Savlon hand wash, Germ Kill hand sanitizer, and Dabur hand sanitizer among all the tested products. Conclusions: The variability in performance of those twelve products against bacterial pathogens revealed an urge to validate the antibacterial activity of antimicrobials and systematic monitoring of their effectiveness and uniformity in activity against pathogenic microbes

PORTUGALIAE ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Study of Electrochemical Oxidation of Catechol in the Presence of Sulfanilic Acid at Different pH

Abstract The electrochemical behavior of catechol in the presence of sulfanilic acid has been examined in aqueous solution with numerous pH values, different electrodes and different concentration of sulfanilic acid, using cyclic voltammetry, controlled potential coulometry and differential pulse voltammetry. The reaction of o-benzoquinone with sulfanilic acid in the second scan of potential was observed. It is assumed that the reaction occurred between the sulfonate group of sulfanilic acid and quinone, rather than between the amino group of sulfanilic acid and quinone. The products derived from the reaction are associated with electrons transfer at more negative potentials than those from catechols. The significance of catechol's pH in presence of sulfanilic acid was studied by varying pH from 2 to 9. The concentration influence of sulfanilic acid with the fixed concentration of catechol (2 mM) was determined from 2 mM to 12 mM. The reaction was toughly affected by the pH, as well as by the concentration of sulfanilic acid. The reaction was mostly promising in 2 mM of sulfanilic acid and 2 mM of catechol at pH 7