Case Report CD56 positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report and literature review

Abstract: CD56 positive B-cell lymphoma is very rare. We experienced a case of CD56 positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, occurred in a young child. A 5-year-old girl complained with snoring and open mouth breathing. No any abnormality in laboratory or physical examination was present, except enlarged both tonsils. Bilateral tonsillectomy was performed. Cut sections of right tonsil showed a 2 cm size, solid mass. On microscopically, large monomorphic lymphoid cells were diffusely proliferated and showed positivity for CD20 and CD56 and negative for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Monoclonality was observed on immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement. This is a unique case with incidentally found and occurred in a young child

A Case Study on Small- and Centralized Biogas Plants and Energy Production Capacities in South Gyeongsang Province

Objectives The primary goals of this research were to assess the viability and practicality of small-scale village facilities as well as central commercial biogas plants. Additionally, the study aimed to create predictive models by exploring various codigestion scenarios. Methods The study conducted a comprehensive analysis of available biomass and its maximum energy potential through anaerobic digestion in every city, county, and village within South Gyeongsang province. Five distinct codigestion scenarios were explored, encompassing assessments of processing capacity, energy production potential, and the necessary digester capacity for anaerobic digestion. At the village level, the scenarios comprised: C1, which involved sole digestion of manure; C2, codigestion of manure and food waste in a 7:3 ratio; C3, codigestion of pig slurry and slaughterhouse waste in a 9:1 ratio; C4, multiple codigestion with PS:FW:SW=6.5:2.8:0.8; and finally, C5, involving the addition of sewage and sewage sludge to the codigestion process of C4's biomass. Results and Discussion The biomass generated in South Gyeongsang province was 9430 tons/day, with a methane production potential of 167 million cubic meters/year. This biomass had an energy production potential of 156,000 TOE/year and a potential electricity generation of 732.7 GW/year, based on the annual petroleum conversion ton. Codigestion (C5) enabled up to 720% more electricity generation compared to sole digestion of manure (C1). Mixing pig slurry and food waste in a 7:3 ratio resulted in approximately 18% more electricity production compared to the case where manure was mixed with slaughterhouse by-products in a 9:1 ratio. Conclusion Biomass imbalance was significant in most regions, particularly due to high variations in food waste generation between regions. Obtaining alternative resources and integrating various biomass for anaerobic digestion, especially in rural areas, is crucial for achieving stable anaerobic digestion and high methane production. Regions with high biomass density are predicted to support large-scale biogas facilities following European standards, while 25 villages showed the potential for small-scale biogas facilities

Assessing the Impact of Temporal Resolution Using BSM1 on the Performance of Machine Learning

Objectives This study aims to establish efficient strategies for data-driven operational management by examining the variations in machine learning modeling outcomes and data characteristics based on data acquisition intervals and methods. Methods The BSM1 was used to simulate wastewater treatment facilities and to generate influent and effluent water quality data at 15-minute intervals. The generated data was processed by volume reduction through down sampling and data characteristic observation via resampling techniques, including up sampling through interpolation. Subsequently, the study involved a comparative analysis of the performance of 30 machine learning models built with the down sampled data. Results and Discussion As data acquisition interval increased (i.e., down sampling progressed), R2 decreased and RMSE increased. When using the mean value as a representation, data accuracy was high, and error loss was minimal. Utilizing the maximum value as a representation helped maintain data characteristics and reduce information loss. Simple interpolation methods did not yield improved data accuracy. Furthermore, with wider data acquisition intervals, the practical predictive performance of machine learning models decreased, and the models experienced a sharp decline in performance when data became insufficient. Conclusion For models requiring the ability to detect changes rather than accuracy, utilizing the maximum value over a specific period proves to be effective. The measurement interval of data emerges as a significant factor affecting the performance of machine learning models, with models developed under different measurement intervals often failing to demonstrate the expected performance. In this study, we have implemented all stages of data preprocessing, classification, training, and validation using LabVIEW, confirming the potential for integrating data analysis processes into LabVIEW, a widely used platform in the fields of control and measurement

High-energy nutrition in paediatric cardiac critical care patients: a randomised controlled trial

Background: Previous studies have shown that feeding high-energy formula to infants after cardiac surgery increased energy intake with fewer side effects on cardiopulmonary function. However, impacts on weight gain and gastrointestinal function remain unclear. Aims: To determine the impact of high-energy formula compared to standard formula on weight gain and gastrointestinal tolerance in postoperative infants with congenital heart disease. Design: Randomised Controlled Trial. Method: The setting of the study was at a 20-bed Cardiac Intensive Care Unit at a tertiary children’s hospital in China. Study population were infants <1 year of age who underwent cardiac surgery were allocated to the intervention group (n=32) and control group (n=32). The intervention group received high-energy formula (100kcal/100 mL) and the control group received standard formula (67kcal/100 mL) for 7 days during the stabilized postoperative period at the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit. Primary outcomes were weight gain and gastrointestinal intolerance. Secondary outcomes were energy intake and standard intensive care characteristics. Results: Infants who received high-energy formula (n=30) showed greater mean weight gain than those who received standard formula (n=29); -16g (95% CI: -74 to 42) versus -181g (95%CI: -264 to -99), P =0.001. The evaluation of gastrointestinal intolerance showed that the intervention group had several side effects, such as abdominal distension (n=1), gastric retention (n=2), and diarrhea (n=1), while the control group had no problems. Enteral energy intake in the intervention group was higher than control group from day three. Conclusion: Infants after cardiac surgery fed with high-energy formula gained more weight but had increased feeding intolerance. However, the feeding intolerance symptoms could be relieved by medication and did not affect feeding advancement. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Paediatric intensive care clinicians should consider gradually increasing energy density of the formula during feeding and assess feeding intolerance signs in children with malnutrition after cardiac surgery

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with recurrent Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD), also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a self-limiting lymphadenitis. It is a benign disease mainly characterized by high fever, lymph node swelling, and leukopenia. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disease with clinical symptoms similar to those of KFD, but it requires a significantly more aggressive treatment. A 19-year-old Korean male patient was hospitalized for fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. Variable-sized lymph node enlargements with slightly necrotic lesions were detected on computed tomography. Biopsy specimen from a cervical lymph node showed necrotizing lymphadenitis with HLH. Bone marrow aspiration showed hemophagocytic histiocytosis. The clinical symptoms and the results of the laboratory test and bone marrow aspiration met the diagnostic criteria for HLH. The patient was diagnosed with macrophage activation syndrome—HLH, a secondary HLH associated with KFD. He was treated with dexamethasone (10 mg/m2/day) without immunosuppressive therapy or etoposide-based chemotherapy. The fever disappeared within a day, and other symptoms such as lymphadenopathy, ascites, and pleural effusion improved. Dexamethasone was reduced from day 2 of hospitalization and was tapered over 8 weeks. The patient was discharged on day 6 with continuation of dexamethasone. The patient had no recurrence at the 18-month follow-up

Inhibition of the Interaction Between Hippo/Yap and Akt Signaling With Ursolic Acid and 3’3-Diindolylmethane Suppresses Esophageal Cancer Tumorigenesis

Hippo/YAP signaling hinders cancer progression. Inactivation of this pathway contributes to the development of esophageal cancer by activation of Akt. However, the possible interaction between Akt and Hippo/YAP pathways in esophageal cancer progression is unclear. In this study, we found that ursolic acid (UA) plus 3\u273-diindolylmethane (DIM) efficiently suppressed the oncogenic Akt/Gsk-3β signaling pathway while activating the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway in esophageal cancer cells. Moreover, the addition of the Akt inhibitor LY294002 and the PI3K inhibitor 3-methyladenine enhanced the inhibitory effects of UA plus DIM on Akt pathway activation and further stimulated the Hippo pathway, including the suppression of YAP nuclear translocation in esophageal cancer cells. Silencing YAP under UA plus DIM conditions significantly increased the activation of the tumor suppressor PTEN in esophageal cancer cells, while decreasing p-Akt activation, indicating that the Akt signaling pathway could be down-regulated in esophageal cancer cells by targeting PTEN. Furthermore, in a xenograft nude mice model, UA plus DIM treatment effectively diminished esophageal tumors by inactivating the Akt pathway and stimulating the Hippo signaling pathway. Thus, our study highlights a feedback loop between the PI3K/Akt and Hippo signaling pathways in esophageal cancer cells, implying that a low dose of UA plus DIM could serve as a promising chemotherapeutic combination strategy in the treatment of esophageal cancer

Chronic intermittent form of isovaleric aciduria in a 2-year-old boy

Isovaleric aciduria (IVA) is caused by an autosomal recessive deficiency of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD). IVA presents either in the neonatal period as an acute episode of fulminant metabolic acidosis, which may lead to coma or death, or later as a "chronic intermittent form" that is associated with developmental delays, with or without recurrent acidotic episodes during periods of stress, such as infections. Here, we report the case of a 2-year old boy with IVA who presented with the chronic intermittent form. He was admitted to Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital with recurrent vomiting. Metabolic acidosis, hyperammonemia, elevated serum lactate and isovalerylcarnitine levels, and markedly increased urine isovalerylglycine concentration were noted. Sequence analysis of the IVD gene in the patient revealed the novel compound mutations-a missense mutation, c.986T>C (p.Met329Thr) and a frameshift mutation, c.1083del (p.Ile361fs*11). Following stabilization during the acute phase, the patient has remained in a stable condition on a low-leucine diet