Changes of T-lymphocyte subpopulation and differential expression pattern of the T-bet and GATA-3 genes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients after chemotherapy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: T cell-mediated immunity plays an important role in enhancing antitumor response.This study aimed to investigate the changes in the T-lymphocyte subpopulation and to characterize the differential expression pattern of corresponding regulatory genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients before and after chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 56 DLBCL patients were recruited for analysis of T-cell subset distribution in the peripheral blood using flow cytometry; serum interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; and early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1), T-bet, GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β mRNA levels using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-six healthy subjects served as controls. RESULTS: The percentage of CD3(+)CD4(+)T lymphocytes in peripheral blood from DLBCL patients was significantly decreased, whereas the percentages of CD3(+)CD8(+)T and CD4(+)CD25(+)T cells were significantly increased compared to those in controls (p < 0.05). Serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were also significantly lower in DLBCL patients than those in controls (p < 0.05), and the levels of EGR-1, T-bet, and GATA-3 mRNA in PBMCs were lower (2.69 ± 1.48, 9.43 ± 2.14, and 20.83 ± 9.05 fold, respectively) in DLBCL patients than those in controls. Furthermore, there was a positive association between the levels of EGR-1 and T-bet mRNA (p = 0.001). However, the level of TGF-β mRNA was significantly increased in DLBCL patients, which was inversely associated with the T-bet mRNA level (p = 0.008), but positively associated with the percentage of T regulatory cells in PBMCs (p = 0.011). After three cycles of chemotherapy, the distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets in DLBCL patients were changed, and the levels of EGR-1, T-bet, and GATA-3 mRNA were significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to those before chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the changes in T-lymphocyte subpopulations and the altered expression 34 pattern of the corresponding regulatory genes in PBMCs from DLBCL patients after chemotherapy, which are associated with the response of patients to treatment. The preferential expression of the T-bet gene after chemotherapy was closely correlated with the increased expression of the EGR-1 gene and decreased expression of the TGF-β gene

Dynamic Task Planning Method for Multi-Source Remote Sensing Satellite Cooperative Observation in Complex Scenarios

As the number and variety of remote sensing satellites continue to grow, user demands are becoming increasingly complex and diverse. Concurrently, there is an escalating requirement for timeliness in satellite observations, thereby augmenting the complexity of task processing and resource allocation. In response to these challenges, this paper proposes an innovative method for dynamic task planning in multi-source remote sensing satellite cooperative observations tailored to complex scenarios. In the task processing phase, this study develops a preprocessing model suitable for various types of targets, enabling the decomposition of complex scenes into multiple point targets for independent satellite observation, thereby reducing the complexity of the problem. In the resource allocation phase, a dynamic task planning algorithm for multi-satellite cooperative observation is designed to achieve dynamic and optimized scheduling of the processed point targets, catering to the needs of multi-source remote sensing satellites. Empirical validation demonstrated that this method effectively implements dynamic adjustment plans for point targets, comprehensively optimizing the number of observation targets, computation time, task priority, and satellite resource utilization, significantly enhancing the dynamic observation efficiency of remote sensing satellites

Factors Influencing Chinese Consumers’ Intentions to Purchase Museum’s Cultural and Creative Products

The sales of cultural and creative products can bring substantial profit for the museums. Facing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, higher sales of cultural and creative products are pivotal for the sustainable development of museums. This study, based on the decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), constructed a model of factors influencing the intentions to purchase Museum’s Cultural and Creative Products and analyzed the 1,115 questionnaires returned. The empirical results showed good fit and explanatory power of the model and validated the decomposed TPB

Factors Influencing Chinese Consumers’ Intentions to Purchase Museum’s Cultural and Creative Products

The sales of cultural and creative products can bring substantial profit for the museums. Facing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, higher sales of cultural and creative products are pivotal for the sustainable development of museums. This study, based on the decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), constructed a model of factors influencing the intentions to purchase Museum’s Cultural and Creative Products and analyzed the 1,115 questionnaires returned. The empirical results showed good fit and explanatory power of the model and validated the decomposed TPB

Changes of T-lymphocyte subpopulation and differential expression pattern of the T-bet and GATA-3 genes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients after chemotherapy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:T cell-mediated immunity plays an important role in enhancing antitumor response.This study aimed to investigate the changes in the T-lymphocyte subpopulation and to characterize the differential expression pattern of corresponding regulatory genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients before and after chemotherapy. METHODS:A total of 56 DLBCL patients were recruited for analysis of T-cell subset distribution in the peripheral blood using flow cytometry; serum interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; and early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1), T-bet, GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β mRNA levels using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-six healthy subjects served as controls. RESULTS:The percentage of CD3(+)CD4(+)T lymphocytes in peripheral blood from DLBCL patients was significantly decreased, whereas the percentages of CD3(+)CD8(+)T and CD4(+)CD25(+)T cells were significantly increased compared to those in controls (p &lt; 0.05). Serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were also significantly lower in DLBCL patients than those in controls (p &lt; 0.05), and the levels of EGR-1, T-bet, and GATA-3 mRNA in PBMCs were lower (2.69 ± 1.48, 9.43 ± 2.14, and 20.83 ± 9.05 fold, respectively) in DLBCL patients than those in controls. Furthermore, there was a positive association between the levels of EGR-1 and T-bet mRNA (p = 0.001). However, the level of TGF-β mRNA was significantly increased in DLBCL patients, which was inversely associated with the T-bet mRNA level (p = 0.008), but positively associated with the percentage of T regulatory cells in PBMCs (p = 0.011). After three cycles of chemotherapy, the distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets in DLBCL patients were changed, and the levels of EGR-1, T-bet, and GATA-3 mRNA were significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) compared to those before chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS:These results demonstrate the changes in T-lymphocyte subpopulations and the altered expression 34 pattern of the corresponding regulatory genes in PBMCs from DLBCL patients after chemotherapy, which are associated with the response of patients to treatment. The preferential expression of the T-bet gene after chemotherapy was closely correlated with the increased expression of the EGR-1 gene and decreased expression of the TGF-β gene