Boletín de tecnologías para combatir el COVID-19

Actualmente, el Perú se encuentra librando una de las batallas más importantes y cruciales a nivel sanitario y médico de su historia. El COVID 19, conocido como nuevo coronavirus, ha infectado hasta el momento a más de 1,300 peruanos, dejando irreparables pérdidas de vidas humanas, y afectado a toda la población en términos de desplazamiento, abastecimiento, ingresos económicos, puestos de trabajo, entre otros. A pesar de los esfuerzos por combatir esta pandemia que ha venido siendo encabezada por el Presidente de la República en la esfera doméstica, cada persona y organización tiene un aporte que efectuar para afrontar la presente coyuntura como sociedad y contribuir a que los efectos del COVID puedan ser contrarrestados en el corto plazo. En dicho contexto, el Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual (Indecopi), a través de la Dirección de Invenciones y Nuevas Tecnologías, ha dispuesto la publicación del presente boletín, para informar y compartir con la comunidad de interés del país acerca de tecnologías desarrolladas, tanto en el Perú como en el extranjero, dirigidas a prevenir el contagio del coronavirus entre las personas. Estas tecnologías han sido identificadas a partir de la búsqueda de información técnica en Bases de Datos de Patentes de libre uso y acceso, las cuales se constituyen en una de las fuentes más importantes y completas, acaso la más valiosa, que existe para obtener y analizar información sobre el progreso y avance tecnológico a nivel mundial

Metabolic Modulators in Cardiovascular Complications of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial disorder with contributions from hormones, genetics, and the environment, predominantly affecting young women. Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of mortality in SLE, and hypertension is more prevalent among SLE patients. The dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune cells in SLE, along with their infiltration into kidney and vascular tissues, is a pivotal factor contributing to the cardiovascular complications associated with SLE. The activation, proliferation, and differentiation of CD4+ T cells are intricately governed by cellular metabolism. Numerous metabolic inhibitors have been identified to target critical nodes in T cell metabolism. This review explores the existing evidence and knowledge gaps concerning whether the beneficial effects of metabolic modulators on autoimmunity, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and renal injury in lupus result from the restoration of a balanced immune system. The inhibition of glycolysis, mitochondrial metabolism, or mTORC1 has been found to improve endothelial dysfunction and prevent the development of hypertension in mouse models of SLE. Nevertheless, limited information is available regarding the potential vasculo-protective effects of drugs that act on immunometabolism in SLE patients.Grants from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (MCIN) (Ref. PID2020-116347RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund FEDER, Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación de la Junta de Andalucía (Ref. CTS 164, P20_00193, and A-CTS-318-UGR20) with funds from the European Union, and by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CV and Ref. PI22/01046).The cost of this publication was paid in part with funds from the European Union (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER, “FEDER una manera de hacer Europa”

Guía para la redacción de documentos técnicos de patentes

El documento técnico de una solicitud de patente, ya sea relativa a patente de invención o a patente de modelo de utilidad, constituye aquel documento en donde un inventor o solicitante describe de manera detallada las características técnicas de la invención que desea proteger, siguiendo una estructura determinada

Visual versus visual-inertial guidance in hawks pursuing terrestrial targets

The aerial interception behaviour of falcons is well modelled by a guidance law called proportional navigation, which commands steering at a rate proportional to the angular rate of the line-of-sight from predator to prey. Because the line-of-sight rate is defined in an inertial frame of reference, proportional navigation must be implemented using visual-inertial sensor fusion. In contrast, the aerial pursuit behaviour of hawks chasing terrestrial targets is better modelled by a mixed guidance law combining information on the line-of-sight rate with information on the deviation angle between the attacker’s velocity and the line-of-sight. Here we ask whether this behaviour may be controlled using visual information alone. We use high-speed motion capture to record n=228 flights from N=4 Harris’ hawks Parabuteo unicinctus, and show that proportional navigation and mixed guidance both model their trajectories well. The mixed guidance law also models the data closely when visual-inertial information on the line-of-sight rate is replaced by visual information on the motion of the target relative to its background. Although the visual-inertial form of the mixed guidance law provides the closest fit, all three guidance laws provide an adequate phenomenological model of the behavioural data, whilst making different predictions on the physiological pathways involved

Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade improved gut microbiota dysbiosis by reducing gut sympathetic tone in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Microbiota has a crucial role in the host blood pressure (BP) regulation. The present study analyzes whether the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone ameliorates the dysbiosic state in a genetic model of neurogenic hypertension. Twenty-week-old male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly allocated into three groups: untreated WKY, untreated SHR, and SHR treated with spironolactone for 5 weeks. Spironolactone restored the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes proportion, and acetate-producing bacteria populations to WKY levels. Spironolactone reduced the percentage of intestinal aerobic bacteria. The amelioration of gut dysbiosis was linked to a reduction in the gut pathology, an enhanced colonic integrity, a reduced gut permeability and an attenuated sympathetic drive in the gut. Spironolactone was unable to reduce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the paraventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus. Spironolactone reduced the higher Th17 cells proportion in mesenteric lymph nodes and Th17 infiltration in aorta, improved aortic endothelial function and reduced systolic BP. This study demonstrates for the first time that spironolactone reduces gut dysbiosis in SHR. This effect could be related to its capability to improve gut integrity and pathology due to reduced sympathetic drive in the gut.This work was supported by Grants from Comision ´ Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ministerio de Economía y competitividad (PID2020-116347RB-I00), and Junta de Andalucía (CTS 164, P20_00193, A-CTS-318-UGR20) with funds from the European Union, and by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CV), Spain. M.T. and I.R.-V. are postdoctoral fellow of Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion ´ Program, and Juan de la Cierva Formacion ´ Program, respectively). J.M. is a predoctoral fellow of MINECO, and C.G.-C. and S.M. are predoctoral fellow of Junta de Andalucía. The cost of this publication was paid in part with funds from the European Union (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER, “FEDER una manera de hacer Europa”).S

Trimethylamine N-Oxide Promotes Autoimmunity and a Loss of Vascular Function in Toll-like Receptor 7-Driven Lupus Mice

This work was supported by Grants from Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Ministerio de Economia y competitividad (MINECO) (SAF2017-84894-R), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MCIN)/Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI)/10.13039/501100011033 (PID2020-116347RB-I00), Junta de Andalucia (CTS 164, P20_00193) with funds from the European Union, and by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CV). J.M. and C.G.C. are predoctoral fellows of MINECO and Junta de Andalucia, respectively. The cost of this publication was paid in part with funds from the European Union (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER, FEDER una manera de hacer Europa).Plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) are elevated in lupus patients. We analyzed the implication of TMAO in autoimmunity and vascular dysfunction of the murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) induced by the activation of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 with imiquimod (IMQ). Female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: untreated control mice, control mice treated with the trimethylamine lyase inhibitor 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB), IMQ mice, and IMQ mice treated with DMB. The DMB-treated groups were administered the substance in their drinking water for 8 weeks. Treatment with DMB reduced plasma levels of TMAO in mice with IMQ-induced lupus. DMB prevents the development of hypertension, reduces disease progression (plasma levels of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, splenomegaly, and proteinuria), reduces polarization of T lymphocytes towards Th17/Th1 in secondary lymph organs, and improves endothelial function in mice with IMQ-induced lupus. The deleterious vascular effects caused by TMAO appear to be associated with an increase in vascular oxidative stress generated by increased NADPH oxidase activity, derived in part from the vascular infiltration of Th17/Th1 lymphocytes, and reduced nrf2-driven antioxidant defense. In conclusion, our findings identified the bacterialderived TMAO as a regulator of immune system, allowing for the development of autoimmunity and endothelial dysfunction in SLE mice.Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Ministerio de Economia y competitividad (MINECO) SAF2017-84894-RMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MCIN)/Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) PID2020-116347RB-I00Junta de Andalucia CTS 164 P20_00193European CommissionMinisterio de Economia y Competitividad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CV)European Union (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER, FEDER una manera de hacer Europa

Targeting the gut microbiota with dietary fibers: a novel approach to prevent the development cardiovascular complications linked to systemic lupus erythematosus in a preclinical study.

This study is to investigate whether dietary fiber intake prevents vascular and renal damage in a genetic mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the contribution of gut microbiota in the protective effects. Female NZBWF1 (SLE) mice were treated with resistant-starch (RS) or inulin-type fructans (ITF). In addition, inoculation of fecal microbiota from these experimental groups to recipient normotensive female C57Bl/6J germ-free (GF) mice was performed. Both fiber treatments, especially RS, prevented the development of hypertension, renal injury, improved the aortic relaxation induced by acetylcholine, and the vascular oxidative stress. RS and ITF treatments increased the proportion of acetate- and butyrate-producing bacteria, respectively, improved colonic inflammation and integrity, endotoxemia, and decreased helper T (Th)17 proportion in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), blood, and aorta in SLE mice. However, disease activity (splenomegaly and anti-ds-DNA) was unaffected by both fibers. T cell priming and Th17 differentiation in MLNs and increased Th17 infiltration was linked to aortic endothelial dysfunction and hypertension after inoculation of fecal microbiota from SLE mice to GF mice, without changes in proteinuria and autoimmunity. All these effects were lower in GF mice after fecal inoculation from fiber-treated SLE mice. In conclusion, these findings support that fiber consumption prevented the development of hypertension by rebalancing of dysfunctional gut-immune system-vascular wall axis in SLE.This work was supported by Grants from Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (MCIN) (Ref. PID2020-116347RBI00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, PID2021- 122490NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033) co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund FEDER, Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación de la Junta de Andalucía (Ref. CTS 164, P20_00193) with funds from the European Union, and by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CV). IR-V is postdoctoral funded by MINECO (FJC2021-048099-I). JM is a predoctoral fellow of MINECO (FPU18/02561), and CG-C and SM are predoctoral fellow of Junta de Andalucía. The cost of this publication was paid in part with funds from the European Union (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER, “FEDER una manera de hacer Europa”).S

Targeting the gut microbiota with dietary fibers: a novel approach to prevent the development cardiovascular complications linked to systemic lupus erythematosus in a preclinical study

This work was supported by Grants from Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (MCIN) (Ref. PID2020-116347RB- I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, PID2021- 122490NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033) co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund FEDER, Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación de la Junta de Andalucía (Ref. CTS 164, P20_00193) with funds from the European Union, and by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CV). IR-V is postdoctoral funded by MINECO (FJC2021-048099-I). JM is a predoctoral fellow of MINECO (FPU18/02561), and CG-C and SM are predoctoral fellow of Junta de Andalucía. The cost of this publication was paid in part with funds from the European Union (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER, “FEDER una manera de hacer Europa”).This study is to investigate whether dietary fiber intake prevents vascular and renal damage in a genetic mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the contribution of gut microbiota in the protective effects. Female NZBWF1 (SLE) mice were treated with resistantstarch (RS) or inulin-type fructans (ITF). In addition, inoculation of fecal microbiota from these experimental groups to recipient normotensive female C57Bl/6J germ-free (GF) mice was performed. Both fiber treatments, especially RS, prevented the development of hypertension, renal injury, improved the aortic relaxation induced by acetylcholine, and the vascular oxidative stress. RS and ITF treatments increased the proportion of acetate- and butyrate-producing bacteria, respectively, improved colonic inflammation and integrity, endotoxemia, and decreased helper T (Th)17 proportion in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), blood, and aorta in SLE mice. However, disease activity (splenomegaly and anti-ds-DNA) was unaffected by both fibers. T cell priming and Th17 differentiation in MLNs and increased Th17 infiltration was linked to aortic endothelial dysfunction and hypertension after inoculation of fecal microbiota from SLE mice to GF mice, without changes in proteinuria and autoimmunity. All these effects were lower in GF mice after fecal inoculation from fiber-treated SLE mice. In conclusion, these findings support that fiber consumption prevented the development of hypertension by rebalancing of dysfunctional gutimmune system-vascular wall axis in SLE.Grants from Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (MCIN) (Ref. PID2020-116347RB- I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, PID2021- 122490NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033)European Regional Development Fund FEDER, Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación de la Junta de Andalucía (Ref. CTS 164, P20_00193) with funds from the European Union, and by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CV)MINECO (FJC2021-048099-I)MINECO (FPU18/02561)Junta de AndalucíaEuropean Union (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER, “FEDER una manera de hacer Europa”

Protective effect of microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids on vascular dysfunction in mice with systemic lupus erythematosus induced by toll like receptor 7 activation

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37972724/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661823003535?via%3DihubOur objective was to investigate whether short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), specifically acetate and butyrate, could prevent vascular dysfunction and elevated blood pressure (BP) in mice with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) induced by TLR7 activation using imiquimod (IMQ). Treatment with both SCFAs and dietary fibers rich in resistant starch (RS) or inulin-type fructans (ITF) effectively prevented the development of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Additionally, these treatments improved aortic relaxation induced by acetylcholine and mitigated vascular oxidative stress. Acetate and butyrate treatments also contributed to the maintenance of colonic integrity, reduced endotoxemia, and decreased the proportion of helper T (Th)17 cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), blood, and aorta in TLR7-induced SLE mice. The observed changes in MLNs were correlated with increased levels of GPR43 mRNA in mice treated with acetate and increased GPR41 levels along with decreased histone deacetylase (HDAC)- 3 levels in mice treated with butyrate. Notably, the effects attributed to acetate, but not butyrate, were nullified when co-administered with the GPR43 antagonist GLPG-0974. T cell priming and differentiation into Th17 cells in MLNs, as well as increased Th17 cell infiltration, were linked to aortic endothelial dysfunction and hypertension subsequent to the transfer of faecal microbiota from IMQ-treated mice to germ-free (GF) mice. These effects were counteracted in GF mice through treatment with either acetate or butyrate. To conclude, these findings underscore the potential of SCFA consumption in averting hypertension by restoring balance to the interplay between the gut, immune system, and vascular wall in SLE induced by TLR7 activation.This work was supported by Grants from Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (MCIN) (Ref. PID2020-116347RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033) co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund FEDER, Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación de la Junta de Andalucía (Ref. CTS 164, P20_00193, and A-CTS-318-UGR20) with funds from the European Union, and by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI22/01046, CIBER-CV). IR-V is postdoctoral funded by MINECO (FJC2021-048099-I). J.M. is a predoctoral fellow of MINECO (FPU18/02561), and C.G.-C. and S.M. are predoctoral fellow of Junta de Andalucía. The cost of this publication was paid in part with funds from the European Union (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER, “FEDER una manera de hacer Europa”). The authors thank N. Rodríguez and V. Plaza for technical assistance

Differing contributions of the gut microbiota to the blood pressure lowering effects induced by first-line antihypertensive drugs

https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.16410This work was supported by Grants from Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) (PID2020-116347RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and Junta de Andalucía (CTS 164, P20_00193 and A-CTS-318-UGR20) with funds from the European Union and by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CV), Spain. M.T. and I.R.-V. are postdoctoral fellow of Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Juan de la Cierva Incorporación Program, IJC2020-044581-I, and Juan de la Cierva Formación Program, respectively). J. M. is a predoctoral fellow of MCIN, and C. G.-C. and S. M. are predoctoral fellow of Junta de Andalucía. The cost of this publication was paid in part with funds from the European Union (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER, ‘FEDER una manera de hacer Europa’).Background and Purpose: This study analyses whether first-line antihypertensive drugs ameliorate the dysbiosis state in hypertension, and to test if this modification contributes to their blood pressure (BP) lowering properties in a genetic model of neurogenic hypertension. Experimental Approach: Twenty-week-old male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were untreated or treated with captopril, amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide. A faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment was also performed by gavage of faecal content from donor SHR-treated groups to SHR recipients for 3 weeks. Key results: Faeces from SHR showed gut dysbiosis, characterized by lower acetate- and higher lactate-producing bacteria and lower strict anaerobic bacteria. All three drugs increased the anaerobic bacteria proportion, captopril and amlodipine restored the proportion of acetate-producing bacterial populations to WKY levels, whereas hydrochlorothiazide decreased butyrate-producing bacteria. Captopril and amlodipine decreased gut pathology and permeability and attenuated sympathetic drive in the gut. Both drugs decreased neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei. Hydrochlorothiazide was unable to reduce neuroinflammation, gut sympathetic tone and gut integrity. FMT from SHR-amlodipine to SHR decreased BP, ameliorated aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine, lowered NADPH oxidase activity, aortic Th17 infiltration and reduced neuroinflammation, whereas FMT from SHR-hydrochlorothiazide did not have these effects. Conclusions and Implications: First-line antihypertensive drugs induced different modifications of gut integrity and gut dysbiosis in SHR, which result in no contribution of microbiota in the BP lowering effects of hydrochlorothiazide, whereas the vasculo-protective effect induced by amlodipine involves gut microbiota reshaping and gut-immune system communication.Universidad de GranadaMCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 PID2020-116347RB-I00Junta de Andalucía (CTS 164, P20_00193 and A-CTS-318-UGR20)European UnionMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CV)Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación IJC2020-044581-IJunta de AndalucíaFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDE