Exploring learner autonomy: language learning locus of control in multilinguals

By using data from an online language learning beliefs survey (n = 841), defining language learning experience in terms of participants’ multilingualism, and using a domain-specific language learning locus of control (LLLOC) instrument, this article examines whether more experienced language learners can also be seen as more autonomous language learners. Statistical analyses revealed small but significant positive correlations between the three multilingualism measures used and LLLOC scores, with higher scores indicating a more internal LLLOC. Participants with a higher linguistic repertoire size and overall language proficiency, who used their languages more frequently, had higher LLLOC scores than those with less languages at lower levels of proficiency and frequency of use. These findings suggest that more experienced language learners might indeed be more autonomous learners, as they subscribe to language learning beliefs that are indicative of a more internal LLLOC

Background languages, learner motivation and self-assessed progress in learning Zulu as an additional language in the UK

The paper reports results of a study of beginner-level learners of Zulu in higher education in the UK, focussing on learners’ linguistic background, their motivation and reasons for studying Zulu, and their self-assessed progress at the beginning of the second term of teaching. The study shows that participants typically studied Zulu as an additional or L3 language and often had prior knowledge of three or four background languages, including in many cases prior knowledge of an African language. They studied Zulu for personal, academic and professional reasons and their motivation was integrative as well as instrumental. Many expected to use Zulu professionally, in particular for work or study in South Africa. While learners’ motivation does not interact significantly with self-assessed progress, the study suggests that both a higher number of background languages, and knowledge of an African language structurally similar to Zulu might have positive effects on self-assessed progress