Optimal design of line level control resonant converters in plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle battery chargers

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163784/1/els2bf00015.pd

LOAD CARRIAGE ALTERS TIBIOFEMORAL KINEMATICS DURING SLOW JOGGING IN ADULT MEN AND WOMEN

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of load carriage on tibiofemoral kinematics during running. Nineteen healthy, recreationally active adults completed dynamic biplane radiography trials of the dominant limb knee with no load (BW), and an additional 55% of body weight (+55%BW) while running 10% above gait transition velocity. A volumetric model-based tracking technique was utilized to derive medial translation excursion, proximal (inferior-superior) translation excursion, anterior translation excursion, flexion, internal rotation and abduction. At heel strike, running with +55%BW exhibited a more flexed knee compared to BW. However, BW exhibited more proximal translation excursion compared to +55%BW. By contrast, +55%BW had greater anterior translation excursion compared to BW. There were no significant differences between BW and +55%BW for medial translation excursion, internal rotation angle/excursion or abduction angle/excursion The greater knee flexion angle at heel strike for +55%BW may serve as a mechanism to better attenuate the greater impact force via eccentric muscle action. However, reduced proximal translation excursion during +55%BW could suggest greater loading of the soft tissues

Freeze casting of porous monolithic composites for hydrogen storage

Hydrogen storage by adsorption offers operational benefits over energy intensive compression techniques. Incorporating physisorption materials in compression stores could improve hydrogen capacities, reducing the volume or pressure needed for storage vessels. However, such materials are often presented as fine powders and development efforts to date have predominantly focused on improving hydrogen uptake alone. Without due attention to industry-relevant attributes, such as handling, processability, and mechanical properties it is unlikely that these materials will find commercial application. In the paper, the desirable mechanical properties of hydrogen-adsorbent PIM-1 are exploited to yield a series of composite monoliths doped with a high surface area activated carbon, intended to act as pressure vessel inserts. Freeze casting techniques were successfully adapted for use with chloroform, facilitating the production of coherent and controlled three-dimensional geometries. This included the use of an innovative elastomeric mould made by additive manufacture to allow facile adoption, with the ability to vary multiple forming factors in the future. The composite monolith formed exhibited a stiffness of 0.26 GPa, a compressive strength of 6.7 MPa, and an increased BET surface area of 847 m2 g−1 compared to PIM-1 powders, signifying the first steps towards producing hydrogen adsorbents in truly useful monolithic forms

Socioeconomic Deprivation and the Risk of Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy (STDR):A Population-Based Cohort Study in the U.K.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the associations between socioeconomic deprivation and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) in individuals with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSData from 175,628 individuals with diabetes in the Health Improvement Network were used to assess the risk of STDR across Townsend Deprivation Index quantiles using Cox proportional hazard regression.RESULTSAmong individuals with T1D, the risk of STDR was three times higher (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.67, 95% CI 1.05–7.78) in the most deprived quintile compared with the least deprived quintile. In T2D, the most deprived quintile had a 28% higher risk (aHR 1.28; 95% CI 1.15–1.43) than the least deprived quintile.CONCLUSIONSIncreasing socioeconomic deprivation is associated with a higher risk of developing STDR in people with diabetes. This underscores persistent health disparities linked to poverty, even within a country offering free universal health care. Further research is needed to address health equity concerns in socioeconomically deprived regions

Ripple Texturing of Suspended Graphene Atomic Membranes

Graphene is the nature's thinnest elastic membrane, with exceptional mechanical and electrical properties. We report the direct observation and creation of one-dimensional (1D) and 2D periodic ripples in suspended graphene sheets, using spontaneously and thermally induced longitudinal strains on patterned substrates, with control over their orientations and wavelengths. We also provide the first measurement of graphene's thermal expansion coefficient, which is anomalously large and negative, ~ -7x10^-6 K^-1 at 300K. Our work enables novel strain-based engineering of graphene devices.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure