Oxidative Stress Status in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit for Severe Pneumonia. A Pilot Study

peer reviewe

Oxidative Stress Status and its correlation with Redox Status as Measured By An Electrochemical (PAOT®) Methodology: A Pilot Study in Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia Survivors

peer reviewe

A Pilot Study on Oxidative Stress during the Recovery Phase in Critical COVID-19 Patients in a Rehabilitation Facility: Potential Utility of the PAOT ® Technology for Assessing Total Anti-Oxidative Capacity

peer reviewedBackground: Oxidative stress (OS) could cause various COVID-19 complications. Recently, we have developed the Pouvoir AntiOxydant Total (PAOT®) technology for reflecting the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of biological samples. We aimed to investigate systemic oxidative stress status (OSS) and to evaluate the utility of PAOT®for assessing TAC during the recovery phase in critical COVID-19 patients in a rehabilitation facility. Materials and Methods: In a total of 12 critical COVID-19 patients in rehabilitation, 19 plasma OSS biomarkers were measured: antioxidants, TAC, trace elements, oxidative damage to lipids, and inflammatory biomarkers. TAC level was measured in plasma, saliva, skin, and urine, using PAOT and expressed as PAOT-Plasma, -Saliva, -Skin, and -Urine scores, respectively. Plasma OSS biomarker levels were compared with levels from previous studies on hospitalized COVID-19 patients and with the reference population. Correlations between four PAOT scores and plasma OSS biomarker levels were analyzed. Results: During the recovery phase, plasma levels in antioxidants ( -tocopherol,  -carotene, total glutathione, vitamin C and thiol proteins) were significantly lower than reference intervals, whereas total hydroperoxides and myeloperoxidase (a marker of inflammation) were significantly higher. Copper negatively correlated with total hydroperoxides (r = 0.95, p = 0.001). A similar, deeply modified OSS was already observed in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit. TAC evaluated in saliva, urine, and skin correlated negatively with copper and with plasma total hydroperoxides. To conclude, the systemic OSS, determined using a large number of biomarkers, was always significantly increased in cured COVID-19 patients during their recovery phase. The less costly evaluation of TAC using an electrochemical method could potentially represent a good alternative to the individual analysis of biomarkers linked to pro-oxidants

On the Potential Role of the Antioxidant Couple Vitamin E/Selenium Taken by the Oral Route in Skin and Hair Health

The relationship between oxidative stress and skin aging/disorders is well established. Many topical and oral antioxidants (vitamins C and E, carotenoids, polyphenols) have been proposed to protect the skin against the deleterious effect induced by increased reactive oxygen species production, particularly in the context of sun exposure. In this review, we focused on the combination of vitamin E and selenium taken in supplements since both molecules act in synergy either by non-enzymatic and enzymatic pathways to eliminate skin lipids peroxides, which are strongly implicated in skin and hair disorders

Influence du carbonate de sodium anhydre sur l’extraction de l’huile à partir d’un grignon d’olive humide

In this work, we shows that the addition of the anhydrous sodium carbonate to wet olive cake has an influence on the oil yield extracted using hexane.The model of Madueno applied to the experimental results obtained gives good adjustments. The elaborate statistical model according to the extraction time, the content sodium carbonate in the wet olive cake and the interaction between these two parameters gives results in agreement with those given by the experiment.Dans ce travail, on montre que l’ajout du carbonate de sodium anhydre à du grignon d’olive humide a une influence sur le rendement de l’huile extraite par l’hexane.Le modèle de Madueno appliqué aux résultats expérimentaux obtenus donne de bons ajustements. Le modèle statistique, élaboré en fonction du temps d’extraction, de la teneur en carbonate de sodium dans le grignon d’olive humide et de l’interaction entre ces deux paramètres conduit à des résultats en accord avec ceux donnes par l’expérience

Etude statistique de l'extraction de l'huile de grignon d'olive par l'alcool éthylique

L'analyse statistique des résultats de la récupération par l'alcool éthylique de l'huile à partir du grignon d'olive a permis de déterminer les paramètres et leurs interactions pouvant influer sur la masse d'huile extraite. Elle montre que l'extraction de cette huile résiduelle dépend :— des paramètres : taille des particules, température, temps d'extraction et du rapport liquide/solide— des interactions entre les paramètres : taille des particules - rapport liquide/solide, taille des particules - temps d'extraction et taille des particules - température.Le modèle mathématique élaboré en fonction des paramètres et des interactions influents donne des résultats en accord avec ceux trouvés expérimentalement

Screening and optimization of the most influencing factors during the photodegradation of Rhodamine B by zinc oxide photocatalyst: application of Plackett–Burman and central composite designs

International audienceZinc oxide (ZnO) powder synthesized by microwave irradiation method was used as photocatalyst for optimization of the photocatalytic degradation conditions of Rhodamine B dye under UV irradiation. The structural, morphological and optical characterizations of elaborated ZnO were performed by infrared spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Bruner-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis. Plackett–Burman design was first used to evaluate the effects of five parameters (initial dye concentration, contact time, lamp height, material dose and initial pH of the solution) on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the dye. The obtained results showed that contact time and initial dye concentration are the parameters that influence the photocatalytic degradation yield. The effects in decreasing order of the five factors were as follows: contact time (46.597) > initial dye concentration (− 29.149) > lamp height (− 8.419) > ZnO mass (7.263) > pH (1.0072). Subsequently, a central composite design for the two influencing parameters was performed to optimize the dye photodegradation process. It was found that the effect of contact time on the photodegradation efficiency was the highest, followed by the effect of initial dye concentration, and the interactions between initial dye concentration and contact time. The predicted and the experimental values were found to be in good agreement; the coefficient of determination value 0.996 and the adjusted coefficient of determination value 0.993 indicated that the model was significant. First‐order kinetic model successfully fitted the experimental data. The synthesized photocatalyst was found to be photostable during at least five regeneration cycles

Electrochemical Methodology for Evaluating Skin Oxidative Stress Status (SOSS)

For the purpose of human disease prevention, several methods have been developed, and are still developing, to assess the oxidative stress status (OSS) of individuals. In the present paper, we describe an approach based on electrochemical detection able to evaluate skin oxidative stress status (SOSS) as a PAOT (Pouvoir AntiOxydant Total)-Skin Score®. Normal reference values for the PAOT-Skin Score® were: 0−62.94 (n = 263). Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were, respectively, 12.47 ± 4.29% and 7.0 ± 2.5%. Our technology showed increased skin antioxidant activity following topical application of reduced coeznyme Q10 cream or vitamin C intake as orange juice or supplements. Moreover, we found significant correlations between some blood oxidative stress biomarkers and the PAOT-Skin Score® (γ-tocopherol/α-tocopherol ratio (r = 0.43, p = 0.020); copper (r = −0.42, p = 0.022); copper/zinc ratio (r = −0.49, p = 0.006), and lipid peroxides (r = −0.43, p = 0.002)). In addition to being non−invasive, the present electrochemical methodology is also not expensive, fast, and easy to use

PAOT-Liquid® Technology: An easy Electrochemical Method for Evaluating Antioxidant Capacity of Wines

Polyphenol compounds present in high quantity in wines are well-known to have potent cardio-protective properties through several biological mechanisms including antioxidant activity [1]. A large number of methods have been developed in the laboratory for evaluating this last mechanism in food matrices. Most of them have, however, the disadvantage of being time consuming and require specific analytical protocols and devices. In the present study, we present the electrochemical PAOT (Pouvoir Antioxydant Total)-Liquid® Technology which can be easily used by winemakers for evaluating antioxidant activity during the wine process. The methodology is based on the measurement of electric potential variation resulting from chemical reactions between wine polyphenols and a free radical mediator M• as source of oxidants. Total antioxidant activity as estimated by the PAOT-Liquid® activity was 6.8 fold higher in red wines (n = 14) when compared to rosé (n = 3) and white (n = 3) wines built in a commercial market. Moreover, PAOT-Liquid® activity was highly correlated with total polyphenols content (TPC) of all wines (r = 0.9540, p < 0.0001) and the classical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl) assay very which is often used for evaluating antioxidant capacity of food matrices (r = 0.9102, p < 0.0001)