Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Hormonal Terhadap Perubahan Fisik Ibu Di Klinik Anita Medan

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengamati Perubahan fisik yang terjadi pada pengguna kontrasepsi hormonal yang terdiri dari 3 cara yaitu: (1) disuntikkan depo propera yang berisikan hormone estrogen dan progesterone, (2) meminum pil kontrasepsi, (3) menanamkan kontrasepsi implant pada lengan atas ibu. Metode pengamatan sampel dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan cara pengukuran berat badan dan lingkar pinggang ibu. Selain itu dilakukan juga pengamatan secara kualitatif dengan melihat Perubahan fisik seperti muncul jerawat pada wajah dan gangguan siklus menstruasi. Penelitian ini akan dilaksanakan di Klinik Anita Medan dengan 30 akseptor kontrasepsi hormonal yang terdiri dari 10 akseptor kontrasepsi suntikan, 10 akseptor kontrasepsi pil dan 10 akseptor implant, dengan lama pemakaian < dari 1 tahun dan >1 tahun. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa berdasarkan jenis alat KB hormonal yang digunakan yaitu pil, suntik dan implan maka alat KB hormonal pil yang paling berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Perubahan fisik ibu terutama pada Perubahan berat badan dan Perubahan lingkar pinggang. Dan hasil uji berdasarkan jenis Perubahan fisik ibu terhadap penggunaan KB hormonal (Pil, suntik, implan) maka diperoleh faktor Perubahan berat badan dan faktor lingkar pinggang yang memengaruhi secara signifikan. Dari penelitian ini disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan untuk memberikan konseling kepada calon akseptor KB mengenai efek samping penggunaan KB hormonal sehingga para ibu sebagai/akseptor KB dapat mengetahui dan mengatasi efek samping yang akan terjadi setelah menggunakan KB hormonal. Kata kunci: Alat kontrasepsi hormonal, Akseptor, Perubahan fisik PENDAHULUAN Menurut World Health Organisation (WHO), dewasa ini hampir 380 juta pasangan menjalankan keluarga berencana dan 65-75 juta diantaranya di negara berkembang menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal seperti kontrasepsi oral, suntik, dan implant. Kontrasepsi hormonal memilliki pengaruh positif dan negatif terhadap berbagai organ wanita. Kontrasepsi hormonal merupakan metode kontrasepsi yang dapat diandalkan para perempuan untuk mengatur kesuburannya. Kontrasepsi ini menggunakan hormon, dari progesteron sampai kombinasi estrogen dan progesteron. Penggunaan kontrasepsi ini dalam bentuk pil, suntikan dan implant.Kontrasepsi hormonal merupakan kelompok kontrasepsi yang pemakaian berada pada urutan ketiga di seluruh dunia. Sebagian besar (85%) menggunakan kontrasepsi oral, sedangkan kontrasepsi implan dan suntik hanya 15%. Namun, beberapa negara mungkin banyak mengandalkan salah satu metode tertentu. Sebagai contoh, program nasional Afrika Selatan sangat mengandalkan kontrasepsi suntik

HOUSEHOLDS' EXPERIENCES WITH THE RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT IN SOUTH CAROLINA

The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), abbreviated as RIFA, is believed to have been brought by accident to Mobile, Alabama in the 1930s via ship ballast from South America. The RIFA was first reported in Charleston and Orangeburg counties in South Carolina in 1952 and has since spread to all 46 counties in the state. The RIFA has had adverse impacts on the environments it has infested. In natural environments, the young of ground-nesting insects, reptiles, birds and mammals are subject to RIFA predation. In agriculture, the RIFA damages crops and livestock. The RIFA poses a health threat to humans, as it is aggressive and has a venomous sting. To learn more about the current impacts of the RIFA, a random sample of South Carolina households was conducted between November 1998 and January 1999. This report summarizes the survey results.Environmental Economics and Policy,

Just transition: Employment projections for the 2.0 °c and 1.5 °c scenarios

© The Author(s) 2019. This section provides the input data for two different employment development calculation methods: The quantitative analysis, which looks into the overall number of jobs in renewable and fossil fuel industries and the occupational analysis which looks into specific job categories required for the solar and wind sector as well as the oil, gas, and coal industry. Results are given with various figures and tables

Influence of Time-Dependent Power Dissipations on the Ageing Behavior of Thick-Film Resistors

Reliability experiments on hybrid circuits are usually carried out by accelerated ageing test. The circuits or the components under test are stored at an elevated ambient temperature and the change of their electric properties is controlled at regular times. The situation becomes entirely different if the temperature rise is due to the power dissipation in the component under test and not caused by external means. In electronic circuits, power dissipations are expressed by a mean value, whereas the actual situation is generally a time-dependent function. The temperature will then also be time dependent. Therefore, ageing tests on thick film resistors will be presented in this contribution. Resistors are submitted to a DC power source and a pulse shaped one. Different ageing characteristics are observed

Pengaruh Pemberian Pgpr (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) Pada Pertumbuhan Bud Chip Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.)

Produksi tebu nasional yang rendah dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan teknik bud chip untuk mendapatkan bibit yang berkualitas. Teknik bud chip tebu mempunyai kendala pada daya perkecambahan yang rendah. Upaya untuk mengatasi rendahnya daya kecambah ialah melalui pemberian PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan komposisi terbaik dari bakteri Pseudomonas fluorescens dan Bacillus subtilis pada PGPR yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan bud chip tebu. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari hingga Mei 2015 di CV. Joyo Rosan, Gurah Kediri, Jawa Timur. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan komposisi bakteri Pseudomonas fluorescens dan Bacillus subtilis yang berbeda sebagai faktor yang ingin diketahui pengaruhnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan PGPR sebagai zat pemacu tumbuh pada bud chip varietas PS 882 mampu mempercepat pertumbuhan tanaman

Uncertainty perception in bidding for Product-Service Systems under competition

This research investigates what impact of uncertainty perception arising from the existence of competition has on the pricing decision for Product-Service Systems (PSS) under uncertainty. PSS provision is an increasingly important area for many businesses and competition increases cognitive pressures on providers even further. We present an experimental study with industrial costing and bidding experts from the defence and aerospace sector. The study consisted of an experimental set-up via two questionnaires which differed in the existence of competition in the bidding scenario. The findings showed that bidding decision makers changed their evaluation of the cost estimate due to the introduction of competition but kept their evaluations of the profit margin and price bids constant. Furthermore, the participants listed the relevant sources of uncertainty that influenced their decision-making process. This research contributes to the literature in two ways. First, our findings showed that predictions from current theory regarding decision-making of cost estimation and pricing are not confirmed when competitively bidding for PSS. Second, we show uncertainty sources that influenced the decision makers and identified p the importance of internal processes of the PSS provider and environmental uncertainty

Uncertainty perception in bidding for Product-Service Systems under competition

This research investigates what impact of uncertainty perception arising from the existence of competition has on the pricing decision for Product-Service Systems (PSS) under uncertainty. PSS provision is an increasingly important area for many businesses and competition increases cognitive pressures on providers even further. We present an experimental study with industrial costing and bidding experts from the defence and aerospace sector. The study consisted of an experimental set-up via two questionnaires which differed in the existence of competition in the bidding scenario. The findings showed that bidding decision makers changed their evaluation of the cost estimate due to the introduction of competition but kept their evaluations of the profit margin and price bids constant. Furthermore, the participants listed the relevant sources of uncertainty that influenced their decision-making process. This research contributes to the literature in two ways. First, our findings showed that predictions from current theory regarding decision-making of cost estimation and pricing are not confirmed when competitively bidding for PSS. Second, we show uncertainty sources that influenced the decision makers and identified p the importance of internal processes of the PSS provider and environmental uncertainty.</p

Media Si Odik Stocopic Untuk Mengurangi Budaya Menghafal Unsur Kimia Sistem Periodik

The background of this article is come up from the problem in chemistry learning process for senior high school exactly about the foundation of chemistry which is periodic table. The aimed of this research is to find out the influence of Si Odik Stocopic's medium to minimize the memorizing's way in periodic table chemistry material. The method that used in this research is Quasi Experiment Design with Nonequivalent Control Group Design type, with the student's group sample which is divided into control class and treatment class by random way. The research was held in even semester students of 2013-2014 during one month in private school of SMA IT Raudhatul Ulum Sakatiga, Indralaya. The result from this research is proved that using medium of Si Odik Stocopic was totally optimize the use right brain, indeed, it will increase the student's understanding, student's ability memory for chemistry lesson and also to minimize the memorizing's way in chemistry learning process

Synergistic cytotoxicity and pharmacogenetics of gemcitabine and pemetrexed combination in pancreatic cancer cell lines

PURPOSE: Gemcitabine is an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (RR) and DNA synthesis and is an effective agent in the treatment of pancreas cancer. The present study investigates whether the multitargeted antifolate pemetrexed would be synergistic with gemcitabine against MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, and Capan-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Cells were treated with gemcitabine and pemetrexed, and the type of drug interaction was assessed using the combination index. Cytotoxicity of gemcitabine was examined with inhibitors of (a) deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), which activates gemcitabine by phosphorylation, and (b) 5'-nucleotidase (drug dephosphorylation) and cytidine deaminase (drug deamination), the main inactivating enzymes. The effects of gemcitabine and pemetrexed on cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry, and apoptosis was examined by fluorescence microscopy. Finally, quantitative, real-time PCR was used to study the pharmacogenetics of the drug combination. RESULTS: Synergistic cytotoxicity and enhancement of apoptosis was demonstrated, mostly with the sequence pemetrexed-->gemcitabine. Pemetrexed increased cells in S phase, the most sensitive to gemcitabine, and a positive correlation was found between the expression ratio of dCK:RR and gemcitabine sensitivity. Indeed, pemetrexed significantly enhanced dCK gene expression (+227.9, +86.0, and +135.5% in MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, and Capan-1 cells, respectively), and the crucial role of this enzyme was confirmed by impairment of gemcitabine cytotoxicity after dCK saturation with 2'-deoxycytidine. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that the gemcitabine and pemetrexed combination displays schedule-dependent synergistic cytotoxic activity, favorably modulates cell cycle, induces apoptosis, and enhances dCK expression in pancreatic cancer cells

Thermodynamics of trajectories of the one-dimensional Ising model

We present a numerical study of the dynamics of the one-dimensional Ising model by applying the large-deviation method to describe ensembles of dynamical trajectories. In this approach trajectories are classified according to a dynamical order parameter and the structure of ensembles of trajectories can be understood from the properties of large-deviation functions, which play the role of dynamical free-energies. We consider both Glauber and Kawasaki dynamics, and also the presence of a magnetic field. For Glauber dynamics in the absence of a field we confirm the analytic predictions of Jack and Sollich about the existence of critical dynamical, or space-time, phase transitions at critical values of the "counting" field $s$. In the presence of a magnetic field the dynamical phase diagram also displays first order transition surfaces. We discuss how these non-equilibrium transitions in the 1$d$ Ising model relate to the equilibrium ones of the 2$d$ Ising model. For Kawasaki dynamics we find a much simple dynamical phase structure, with transitions reminiscent of those seen in kinetically constrained models.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figure