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Option values of low carbon technology policies
In this paper, the political dilemma of the deployment of a large-size low carbon technology (LCT) is analyzed. A simple dynamic model is developed to analyze the interrelation between irreversible investments and learning-by-doing within a context of exogenous uncertainty on carbon price. Contrasting results are obtained. In some cases, the usual irreversibility effects hold, fewer plants of the LCT should be developed when information is anticipated. In other cases, this result is reversed and information arrival can justify an early deployment of the LCT. More precisely, it is shown that marginal reasoning is limited when learning by-doing, and more generally endogenous technical change, is considered. When information arrival is anticipated the optimal policy can move from a corner optimum with no LCT deployment to an interior optimum with a strictly positive development
La médiation comme « lieu de relationnalité »
Cet article sâintĂ©resse Ă lâopĂ©rationnalisation dâune approche conceptuelle de la mĂ©diation, dĂ©finie comme « lieu de relationnalité ». En se questionnant thĂ©oriquement sur « ce qui fait ĂȘtre » et non sur « ce qui est », cette perspective impose de conserver, jusque dans les analyses, le caractĂšre profondĂ©ment actif de cette mise en relation et de ce qui en Ă©merge. Le dĂ©fi est alors de trouver les outils mĂ©thodologiques qui permettent de retracer ces mĂ©diations tout en leur conservant la fluiditĂ© et la mouvance qui les caractĂ©risent. Dans le cadre dâune recherche en cours sur une ethnographie des pratiques technologiques de communication de jeunes montrĂ©alais, nous discutons des instruments que nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ©s, en prise directe avec le terrain, Ă partir de cette conceptualisation. Puis nous montrons quelques mĂ©diations Ă lâĆuvre issues de nos premiĂšres analyses. Pour terminer, nous abordons certains Ă©lĂ©ments Ă©thiques que cette recherche soulĂšve.This article aims to develop the methodological implications of a conceptual approach toward mediation, defined as a space of « relationality ». Through a theoretical exploration of âwhat emergeâ and not âwhat isâ, this perspective prompts us to acknowledge, even in our analysis, the deeply active nature of mediation and what emerges from it. Then, the challenge is to find the methodological tools allowing the researcher to retrace these mediations while preserving their fluidity and dynamism. Within the context of an ethnographic research project on young inhabitants of Montreal and their everyday communication technologiesâ practices, this article will discuss strategies that have been developed in field research in response to this conceptual framework. Some illustrations of mediation emerging from preliminary analysis will be presented and the article will conclude by discussing certain ethical questions raised by this research
Quantum Coherence at Low Temperatures in Mesoscopic Systems: Effect of Disorder
We study the disorder dependence of the phase coherence time of quasi
one-dimensional wires and two-dimensional (2D) Hall bars fabricated from a high
mobility GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. Using an original ion implantation
technique, we can tune the intrinsic disorder felt by the 2D electron gas and
continuously vary the system from the semi-ballistic regime to the localized
one. In the diffusive regime, the phase coherence time follows a power law as a
function of diffusion coefficient as expected in the Fermi liquid theory,
without any sign of low temperature saturation. Surprisingly, in the
semi-ballistic regime, it becomes independent of the diffusion coefficient. In
the strongly localized regime we find a diverging phase coherence time with
decreasing temperature, however, with a smaller exponent compared to the weakly
localized regime.Comment: 21 pages, 30 figure
Sports et publicités imprimées dans les magazines en France : une communication masculine dominante et stéréotypée ?
En France, les publicitĂ©s Ă thĂ©matique sportive, insĂ©rĂ©es dans les magazines, semblent mobiliser des Ă©lĂ©ments stĂ©rĂ©otypĂ©s. Les hommes sont largement sur reprĂ©sentĂ©s lorsque les femmes sont moins prĂ©sentes et mises en scĂšne dans une logique de subordination dĂ©sormais classiquement dĂ©montrĂ©e en sociologie, comme dâen dâautres disciplines. Couleur, activitĂ©s des personnages, etc. renforcent ces reprĂ©sentations traditionnelles. A quand un marketing «âgenrĂ©â» novateur ?French magazinesâ advertising portraying sports still display stereotypes. Men are largely over represented when women are less present and set in a logic of subordination, that as been well established by sociologists and others. Colours, level of physical activity reinforce these traditional stereotypes. When will we see an innovative gender marketingâ
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