An Objective Study of the Vocal Art

By means of specially adapted sound photographic instruments, the voices of twelve vocal artists have been photographed. Interpretations of Annie Laurie by the following artists were used: MacCormack, Bispham, Welles, Lashanska, Case, Miller, Homer, Nordica, Nielson, Melba. Farrar, and Baker. A new musical staff has been introduced to adequately represent the facts analyzed from the data on the motion picture film. Among the factors of the vocal art isolated so far are: Attack of a tone, Vibrato, Release, Rhythm, Tempo. Sharping and Flatting, Crescendo, Diminuendo, Swell, Glide, Portamento, Effect of Phonetic Elements, Appogiaturas, Effect of Muscular Strain on the Vibrato, and Varying Esthetic Effects of Tones

Pitch Perception in Voice Patterns

It has been known that even though the voice of a singer is constantly changing in pitch, there is only one fundamental pitch heard in any given perception. By means of a siren certain pitch and intensity patterns of the voice have been duplicated and the approximate position in the pattern of the one pitch heard has been determined. It has been found that when there is a regular rise and fall of pitch at a rate of six times per second and with an extent of one-half of a tone, the pitch heard is the mean. If the voice pattern consists of a synchronous rise and fall of pitch and intensity, there is a slight sharping of the tone from the mean of the pitch pattern. When pitch and intensity are opposite in relationship the effect is the reverse

Effects of Music on Physiological Response

For this study the heart rates of twenty-two members of a college-level music appreciation class were recorded while students listened to the first movement of Beethoven's fifth symphony. The measurements were taken at three different times over a six-week period before, during, and after experimental treatment. Experimental treatment consisted of either audiotutorial tapes or repetitive listening sessions devised for specific musical-ability groups. The same test music was used throughout the entire study to determine the effects of learning and repetitive exposure on heart rate response. A control group had no further exposure to the test music during the study. Stable segments of the test music provoked tachycardia (elevated heart rate) in the subjects, while alternating segments produced bradycardia (lowered heart rate). Heart rate response to music was found to be linked with the presence or absence of learning.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline