Objašnjenja značenja za paremiološke žanrove u rječnicima eSSKJ i SPP; Što se izražava poslovicom, izrekom, praznovjerjem, vremenskom poslovicom, antiposlovicom, wellerizmom, sloganom i nekonvencionalnim odgovorom?

This article presents theory-based model explanations of meaning and compares them with the explanations of meaning presented in the Dictionary of the Slovenian Standard Language, third edition, and the Dictionary of Proverbs and Similar Paremiological Expressions – the paremiological dictionary of contemporary Slovenian. The making of model explanations of meaning is connected particularly with a desire to help lexicographers to present the meanings of paremiological expressions as uniformly as possible. The article discusses the scope of paremiological genres included in both dictionaries, describes the theoretical basis for the making of the model explanations of the meaning, and presents concrete examples of the explanations of meaning for expressions belonging to seven paremiological genres and certain subgenres.U članku su prikazani teorijski modeli značenja sedam paremioloških vrsta i pojedinih podvrsta. Prikazana je i teorijska podloga za izradu modela značenja za svaku paremiološku vrstu (poslovica, izreka, praznovjerje, antiposlovica, wellerizam, slogan inekonvencionalni frazeološki odgovor). Poslovica izražava uvjerenje da je radnja ili stanje rezultat nekog općeg načela i nudi pouku; izreka opisuje obilježje radnje ili stanja (bez pouke); praznovjerje izražava praznovjerno uvjerenje da je radnja ili stanje rezultat nekog općeg načela; slogan izražava poziv na djelovanje ili stanje, u nekim slučajevima sadržava i pouku; antiposlovica parodijski izražava kritiku uvjerenja da je radnja ili stanje rezultat nekog općeg načela i da je pouka određene poslovice valjana; wellerizam izražava kritiku vjerovanja u pouku određenoga (paremiološkog ili neparemiološkog) izraza predstavljajući ga u izravnom govoru i uz parodiranje izravnoga govora; nekonvencionalni odgovor izražava duhovit, razigran, namjerno neprikladan odgovor na izraz sugovornika. Uz prikaz glavnih značajka razmatranih paremioloških vrsta u radu se uspoređuju teorijski modeli značenja s njihovom praktičnom primjenom u dvama mrežnim rječnicima: Rječniku slovenskoga standardnog jezika, treće izdanje (Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika, tretja izdaja – eSSKJ) i Rječniku poslovica i sličnih paremioloških izraza (Slovar pregovorov in sorodnih paremioloških izrazov – SPP) – paremiološkomu rječniku suvremenoga slovenskog jezika. U radu se navode konkretni primjeri objašnjenja značenja te primjeri njihove uporabe

The Slovene Paremiological Optimum: New Empirical Research Tools and the Augmentation of the Field of Minimum-Oriented Research

The article presents the main results of an online survey and corpus research of Slovene paremiological units and discusses how paremiological units of modern origin are gathered. Some practical examples of the advantages of an optimum are given. An overview of the top 50 units of the Slovene paremiological optimum and their English equivalents touches upon the question of describing shares of units with a common motivation as “high” or “low”, while a comparison of genetically close languages – Slavic languages in this case – points towards a broader context. The article also discusses how the field of minimum-oriented research can be expanded by taking different socio-linguistic criteria into account. Lastly, it argues that the use of spoken corpora could lead to an even more holistic optimum in the future

The Slovene Paremiological Optimum: New Empirical Research Tools and the Augmentation of the Field of Minimum-Oriented Research

The article presents the main results of an online survey and corpus research of Slovene paremiological units and discusses how paremiological units of modern origin are gathered. Some practical examples of the advantages of an optimum are given. An overview of the top 50 units of the Slovene paremiological optimum and their English equivalents touches upon the question of describing shares of units with a common motivation as “high” or “low”, while a comparison of genetically close languages – Slavic languages in this case – points towards a broader context. The article also discusses how the field of minimum-oriented research can be expanded by taking different socio-linguistic criteria into account. Lastly, it argues that the use of spoken corpora could lead to an even more holistic optimum in the future

Rastne značilnosti bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.) na rastišču Isopyro-Fagetum KOŠ. 62

In this paper, growth characteristics of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands on site of Isopyro-Fagetum KOS. 62 are analysed. The research was carried out in Zasavje, where in mature beech stands five plots measuring 30x30 m were set. All trees above 10 cm were measured and cut for stem analyses. Increment of the last 10 years is statistically significantly influenced by (chronologic) age of trees, shade effect, diameter at breast height, social class and very rarely by crown dimensions. The time of current increment culmination is dependent on age, diameter at breast height, social class and on shade effect. As regards site productivity of the analysed site, a very broad range was ascertained. Variation is almost completely explained by altitude. On three plots sites, productivity increase was confirmed, whereas on one plot the changes were not significant and on one plot site productivity decreased, probably due to the transmitter on Mt Kum.Prispevek obravnava rastne značilnosti bukovih (Fagus sylvatica L.) sestojev na rastišču Isopyro-Fagetum KOS. 62. Raziskavo smo opravili v Zasavju, kjer smo v bukovih debeljakih postavili 5 ploskev velikosti 30x30 m. Vse nadmersko drevje smo izmerili in posekali za debelne analize. Na prirastek drevja v zadnjih 10 letih imajo statistično značilen vpliv (kronološka) starost drevja, učinek zastrtosti, prsni premer, socialni razred in presenetljivo redko dimenzije krosnje. Čas kulminacije tekoèega prirasèanja je odvisen od starosti, prsnega premera, socialnega razreda in učinka zastrtosti. Ugotovili smo izredno širok razpon produkcijske sposobnosti analiziranega rastišča. Variiranje v produkcijski sposobnosti je praktično v celoti odvisno od nadmorske visine. Na treh ploskvah smo potrdili dvig produkcijske sposobnosti rastišča, na eni spremembe niso statistično značilne, na eni izmed ploskev pa se je produkcijska sposobnost rastišča, domnevno zaradi vpliva oddajnika na Kumu, znižala

Unconventional Replies: A Special Type of Phraseme and a Paremiological Genre

The article investigates unconventional replies and their tar-get statements using various examples from English and five Slavic languages (Slovak, Slovene, Czech, Polish and Russian) and a survey conducted among over 400 Slovene and Slovak students. This paremiological genre – a type of phraseological replies – has received little attention in worldwide research to date. We begin by formulating our own definition. Frequent mechanisms for establishing the link between a target statement and an unconventional reply are presented. Two un-conventional replies from English used in internet memes are analysed along with their equivalents in Slavic languages. The initial results of sociolinguistic research we conducted on 20 Slovene and 20 Slovak unconventional replies are presented, with a focus on how respondents interpret dialogues with unconventional replies. A number of new Slovene and Slovak unconventional replies and their variants were collected in the framework of this research, and will need to be analysed in the near future. The conclusion of the article outlines aspects that offer potential for further research on this special type of phraseme and paremiological genre

Antonimija enako motiviranih paremioloških enot (primeri iz slovenščine in slovaščine)

Zanima nas, kako se jezikovna sredstva za izražanje nasprotnega pomena uveljavljajo v frazeologiji, ko gre za dvojice enako motiviranih stavčnih frazemov. Pozornost posvecčamo vprašanju nasprotnega pomena v paremiologiji ter vprašanju obstoja paremioloških antonimičnih gnezd. Na primerih iz slovenščine in slovaščine si želimo ogledati, kdaj (in ali sploh) lahko govorimo o antonimičnih gnezdih in v čem je specifika enako motiviranih pregovorov z nasprotnim pomenom. V članku se opiramo na demografsko raziskavo poznavanja slovenskih pregovorov v okviru doktorskega študija in na podatke iz jezikovnega korpusa Gigafida

Empirični pristopi k razločevanju med neparemiološkimi in paremiološkimi stavčnimi frazemi

Sociolinguistic and corpus‑based approaches can be used to study the boundary between paremiological and non‑paremiological material. This study primarily examines whether speakers and researchers perceive a certain group of phrasemes as being representative of the (paremiological) genre or not. Second, it examines semantic and pragmatic features, the corpus frequency of these units, and the presence or absence of introductory formulas typical of paremiological units. In this manner it distinguishes units that should be placed at the edge of the paremiological spectrum from those that represent the edge of the non‑paremiological spectrum of sentential phraseology. It is proposed that a line be drawn between “sayings” and non‑paremiological sentential phrasemes in this manner.Za raziskovanje meje med paremiološkim in neparemiološkim spektrom lahko uporabimo nekatere sociolingvistične in korpusne pristope. Najprej nas zanima, ali je med govorci in raziskovalci določena skupina frazemov žanrsko uzaveščena ali ne. Potem se osredotočamo na semantične in pragmatične sestavine, pogostnost v jezikovnem korpusu in na prisotnost ali odsotnost tipičnih paremioloških uvajalnih sredstev. Tako poskušamo raz‑likovati med enotami, ki spadajo na rob paremiološkega spektra, in tistimi, ki spadajo na rob neparemiološkega spektra stavčne frazeologije. S tem predlagamo empirično ločnico med reki in neparemiološkimi stavčnimi frazemi

Measurement of horizontal geodetic network for the analysis of the calculation of free station

This graduation thesis deals with the different ways of determination of the free station, on the basis of previously established a horizontal geodetic network. First part of thesis includes measurement of horizontal geodetic network, processing of measured observations and calculation of the coordinates of observed points with the assessment of the accuracy. Knowing the coordinates of observation points allows us different combinations of measurements of free station, which are continued in the second part of the assignment. Free station was determined in seven ways, which are different on network geometry and a combination of measurement quantities (direction, distance). Free station coordinates were calculated by program of Free Station which is integrated in electronic total station and then with adjustment coordinates by the program for adjust. In the end of thesis, made a comparison of different ways for calculating the coordinates of free station, analysis of results and their evaluation

Slučajne najdbe z Ajdne

Since 1976 systematic archaeological excavations have been carried out on the late classical refuge of Ajdna above Potoki near Žirovnica. The excavations are conducted by the Gorenjski museum of Kranj and the Institute of Archaeology of the Slovene Academy of Arts and Sciences (SAZU). Because of its dominant position and the many popular stories surrounding it, Ajdna awoke the interest of experts, amateurs and treasure seekers even as early as Valvasor’s time (17th century). The present paper deals with a group of chance finds, unsystematically obtained, which were found in dwelling no. XIV and which are now in the private possession of the finder. This is a group of 31 objects, characteristic of the village culture of Romanised inhabitants of the 5th and 6th centuries. The most important pieces among this material are the locally produced domestic cooking ware; pots with everted lip and flat base (T. 2: 4—6, 8) and conical cups (T. 1: 2—3). Further, there are the fragments of a biconical bowl of Langobardic origin (T. 1: 1). The decoration on these pottery pieces is a combination of motifs of incised, inaccurately executed waves in conjunction with horizontal lines (ribbon ornamentation), a brushed network motif and a fishbone motif. Among other pottery material, pieces of roof tiles are also worth mentioning (T. 2: 11; T. 3: 1, 5). Glassware is represented by fragments of a pale yellow cup with a fin rib (T. 3: 2), a green-yellow glass with thickened rim (T. 3: 3) and part of the base of a round bottle (T. 3: 6) made of green-yellow glass. Other domestic finds include objects made of iron, a stiletto (T. 3: 10; Fig. 1), the hinge of a chest, a ribbon clasp; of bone (a pipe, pierced at one end, with an octagonal external profile) and the lower part of a hand mill