Reducing Runway Incursions: The Role of Collaboration, Education, and Training

Runway incursions are a major threat to aviation safety and can cause major delays and collisions that have significant human and financial implications for airlines. This study investigated how training, education, and collaboration may be improved to reduce the occurrence of runway incursions at airports. Data collection involved interviews, a focus group, and document analysis to explore the participants’ perceptions. The interviews and focus group involved a purposive sample of 12 pilots, air traffic controllers, airport administrators, and ground personnel. The interviews and focus group transcripts were chunked, coded, and patterns sought to form five key themes addressing the research question: exercising key safety practices, effective communication, a greater focus on scenario-based training, need for greater standardization, and more collaboration and partnership among stakeholders. The findings have the potential to influence Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) decision-making through resource allocation for improving runway safety, as well as to inform the prevention of runway incursions through improvements to education, training, and collaboration

Οι ορθόδοξοι χριστιανοί στη σύγχρονη πραγματικότητα

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Food- and Health-Related Correlates of Self-Reported Body Mass Index Among Low-Income Mothers of Young Children

Objective: To examine how income-related challenges regarding food and health are associated with variation in self-reported maternal body weight among low-income mothers. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: Two Northeastern cities. Seven day care centers and a Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program outreach project. Participants: Sample of 166 mothers; 67% were overweight or obese, 55% were Hispanic, and 42% reported household food insecurity (HFI). Main Outcome Measures: Maternal self-reported height and weight to calculate body mass index (BMI). Independent variables were food program participation, supermarket use, 8-item food shopping practices scale, HFI, maternal depressive symptoms, and self-rated health. Analysis: Hierarchical multiple regression analysis tested relationships between maternal BMI with the independent variables of interest, adjusting for demographic confounds. Results: Shopping practices to stretch food dollars (P = .04), using community food assistance programs (P \u3c .05), and HFI (P \u3c .04) correlated with heavier maternal BMIs; higher self-rated health corresponded to lower BMIs (P = .004). Conclusions and Implications: Some strategies low-income mothers use to manage food resources are associated with heavier BMIs. Nutrition educators, public health practitioners, and researchers need to collaboratively address the associations between these strategies, food insecurity, poor health, and unhealthy weight

Associations between family food behaviors, maternal depression, and child weight among low-income children

Although low-income children are at greater risk for overweight and obesity than their higher income counterparts, the majority of poor children are not overweight. The current study examined why such variation exists among diverse young children in poor families. Cross-sectional data were collected on 164 low-income, preschool aged children and their mothers living in two Rhode Island cities. Over half of the sample was Hispanic (55%). Mothers completed measures of family food behaviors and depression while trained assistants collected anthropometric data from children at seven day care centers and a Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program outreach project. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that higher maternal depression scores were associated with lower scores on maternal presence when child eats (P \u3c .05), maternal control of child\u27s eating routines (P \u3c .03), and food resource management skills (P \u3c .01), and with higher scores on child control of snacking (P \u3c .03) and negative mealtime practices (P \u3c .05). Multiple regression results revealed that greater maternal presence whenever the child ate was significantly associated with lower child BMI z scores (β = .166, P \u3c .05). Logistic regression analyses indicated that higher scores on food resource management skills reduced the odds of child overweight (odds ratios = .72–.95, P \u3c .01). Maternal depression did not modify the relationship between family food behaviors and child weight. Overall, caregiver presence whenever a child eats, not just at meals, and better parental food resource management skills may promote healthier weights in low-income preschoolers. Further research is needed to identify the mechanisms that connect caregiver presence and food resource management skills to healthier weights for this age group

Opportunities and Barriers for Truck Platooning on Norwegian Rural Freight Routes

acceptedVersio

Monitoring dust particle orientation with measurements of sunlight dichroic extinction

© 2021 COMECAP CONFERENCE. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author.Alignment of irregularly shaped dust aerosols leading to linear dichroism has been reported in atmospheric layers. The present study intents to quantify the excess linear polarization of direct solar radiation propagating through atmospheric layers, when these contain oriented dust particles. In order to record the linear polarization, we have used the Solar Polarimeter (SolPol). SolPol is an instrument that measures the polarization of direct solar irradiance at 550nm. It is installed on an astronomical tracker in order target the solar disk. Using the measurements, the Stokes parameters are retrieved (I, Q/I, U/I and V/I) with an accuracy of ~1% and precision of 1 ppm. Collocated measurements of a sun-photometer (Aerosol Robotic Network; AERONET) and lidar are used to quantify the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and identify the vertical distribution of dust layers, respectively. We will present indications of dust particle orientation recorded at the PANGEA station in the island of Antikythera, Greece, and at Nicosia, Cyprus during the preparatory phase for the ASKOS campaign in July 2021. The relation of the linear polarization of the solar irradiance to other optical properties of the dust layer is investigated

Dietary meat fats and burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors, in the elderly: a report from the MEDIS study

Dietary fats have long been associated with human health, and especially cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some observational studies have shown that reduction in dietary fats, and particularly cholesterol is associated with lower cardiovascular risk; however, other prospective studies or randomized controlled trials of dietary fat reduction or modification have shown varying results on CVD morbidity and mortality. In this work we evaluated the relationships between dietary fats and a cluster of CVD risk factors (i.e., diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension), among elderly individuals without known CVD. In particular, dietary and clinical data from 1486 elderly (aged 65 to 100 years) men and women living in Cyprus, Mitilini, Samothraki, Cephalonia, Crete, Lemnos, Syros, Naxos, Corfu and Zakynthos islands, and participated in the MEDIS study, were analysed. Data analysis revealed that 18.5% of males and 33.3% of females had three or four cardiovascular disease risk factors; the major source of fat was olive oil (mean intake for men and women 50.0 ± 19.3 g/day and 46.0 ± 16.8 g/day, p < 0.001). In addition it was observed that a 5% increase in energy adjusted fat intake from meat was associated with a 21% increase in the likelihood of having one additional CVD risk factor (95%CI 6%-39%); no significant associations were observed regarding the other types of fat consumed by the elderly participants. These findings may state a hypothesis that the consumption of fat only from meat or its products seems to increase the burden of CVD risk factors among CVD-free, elderly people

Skeletal muscle mass and body fat in relation to successful ageing of older adults: The multi-national MEDIS study

BACKGROUND: The determinants that promote successful ageing still remain unknown. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the role of skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage (BF%), in the level of successful ageing. METHODS: during 2005-2011, 2663 older (aged 65-100 years) from 21 Mediterranean islands and the rural Mani region (Peloponnesus) of Greece were voluntarily enrolled in the study. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and BF% were calculated using population formulas. Dietary habits, energy intake, expenditure and energy balance were derived throughout standard procedures. A successful ageing index ranging from 0 to 10 was used. RESULTS: The mean ASM mass was 24±6.0kg, the SMI was 0.84±0.21 and the BF% was 44%. Females had lower SMI and higher BF% in comparison with males, respectively [(SMI: 0.66±0.09 vs. 1.03±0.11; BF%: 51% vs. 34%, (p<0.001)]. High successful agers had better rates in ASM (p=0.01), SMI (p<0.001) and BF% (p<0.001), compared with the medium and low successful ones. Changes in SMI [b-coefficient (95% CI):2.14 (1.57 to 2.71)] were positively associated with successful ageing, while changes in BF% [b-coefficient (95% CI): -0.04 (-0.05 to -0.03)] were inversely associated with successful ageing. Results from sensitivity analysis showed that the effects of variations on body composition were consistent, less pronounced in the positive energy balance group and more pronounced among the oldest old. CONCLUSIONS: Body composition changes seem to be associated with lower quality of life in the older adults, as measured through successful ageing