Estimation and dynamics of above ground biomass with very high resolution satellite images in Pinus pinaster stands

Biomass estimation is a tool for evaluating stands and forest dynamics. Traditional indirect methods use forest inventories and allometric functions at tree level to evaluate biomass at plot level, and an extrapolation method to assess an area. The goal of this study was the development of allometric functions for Pinus pinaster with crown horizontal projection derived from very high spatial resolution satellite images as an independent variable, as well as their application to the analysis of above ground biomass dynamics. The fitted functions show a good performance. The function used to estimate the above ground biomass per grid in 2004, 2007 and 2011 for the study area enable the evaluation of their temporal dynamics. From 2004 to 2007 it decreased in 90.5% of the study area, due to forest fires and cuts to control the pinewood nematode; from 2007 to 2011 increased in 45.6% and decreased in 51.6%, the latter corresponding to cuts to control the aforementioned disease. In 76.4% of the burnt areas, natural regeneration resulted in an increase of above ground biomass. The method's main advantages are the simultaneous evaluation of small or large areas and, when implemented in a GIS, it allows straightforward monitoring over a short period of time

Orofacial and temporomandibular region symptomatology in musicians

Temporomandibular disorders consist of a group of pathologies that affect the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles and other components of the stomatognathic system (Clemente et al., 2015; Santos & Fragelli, 2017) .Temporomandibular disorders can be associated with lifestyle and occupation and they are notably becoming more frequent in instrumentalists musicians (Glória et al., 2018). Objectives: To determine the frequency of orofacial and temporomandibular region symptomatology in musicians, as well as to determine the existence of differences between instrumentalists groups (wind, stringed and percussion). The secondary objective is to analyse the relation between potential risk factors, such as the number of years of instrumental practice experience, the average number of practice hours per week and the type of instrumental practice as a profession or a hobby in the different domains evaluated.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Lifelong learning: case study of adult students in portuguese technological schools and higher education institutions

Paper to be presented in ESREA 2007 ADC Network Seminar - Changing Relationships between the State, Civil Society and the Citizen: Implications for adult education and adult learning, 14 -16 June 2007 - University of Minho - Campus de Gualtar, Braga (Portugal).Adult education, especially at the tertiary level, is significant when preparing citizens to work in today’s continuously evolving markets, a hallmark of the knowledge-based economies. This paper focuses on the identification of learning strategies used by Portuguese non-traditional adult students who embark on lifelong learning routes to obtain tertiary level education. The results of a case study undertaken within the project PRILHE (Promoting Reflective Independent Learning in HE) funded by the European Commission Socrates Adult Education Programme Socrates – (113869-CP-1-2004-1-UKGRUNDTVIG- G1) are presented and discussed. It seems that there is still a long way to go before non-traditional adult students can benefit from lifelong learning opportunities, at tertiary level in Portugal; nevertheless the study presents evidence of some “best practices” in TS which could be shared with HEI

Building a knowledge and learning society in Portugal: adult students in technological schools and higher education institutions

Lifelong learning (LLL) has received increasing attention in recent years. It implies that learning should take place at all stages of the “life cycle and it should be life-wide, that is embedded in all life contexts from the school to the work place, the home and the community” (Green, 2002, p.613). The ‘learning society’, is the vision of a society where there are recognized opportunities for learning for every person, wherever they are and however old they happen to be. Globalization and the rise of new information technologies are some of the driving forces that cause depreciation of specialised competences. This happens very quickly in terms of economic value; consequently, workers of all skills levels, during their working life, must have the opportunity to update “their technical skills and enhance general skills to keep pace with continuous technological change and new job requirements” (Fahr, 2005, p. 75). It is in this context that LLL tops the policy agenda of international bodies, national governments and non-governmental organizations, in the field of education and training, to justify the need for LLL opportunities for the population as they face contemporary employability challenges. It is in this context that the requirement and interest to analyse the behaviour patterns of adult learners has developed over the last few year

Community therapy application in intervention with adolescents: new strategies for prevention and promotion

Given adolescents vulnerability facing transformations and resistances, the group work used by Occupational Therapy through techniques and dynamics favors expression, anxiety control and biopsychosocial maturity in intervention. Currently, one strategy used with teenagers is Community Therapy (CT), because it provides a welcoming environment where all are equal and can share their sufferings, anxieties and affinities. Thus, this study examined the effectiveness of group activities used in occupational therapy as warm up strategies in Community Therapy circles. Eleven teenagers aged 12 to 14 years old participated in the research. The study was carried out in a social institution that aims to support children and youth in the municipality of Uberaba, Minas Gerais state. Video and photo images and handwritten records were used as data collection instruments during the application of the 12 strategies, divided into three categories: competition, cooperation, and self-knowledge/self-esteem, applied for warming up the CT circles. Data were analyzed and presented through the use of a chart for better visualization and understanding of the adolescents’ behavior during the warm up CT circles. The results obtained showed dispute, unrest, lack of attention and sociability; behaviors that are inherent to adolescence due to the several changes, emotional alterations and search for identity that these subjects experience. Based on the survey results, it was possible observe that the behaviors have triggered direct-indirect relationship with the strategies used as facilitators in the discussion development regarding the issues addressed in the CT circles

Caracterização do padrão ventilatório em estudantes de canto

Avaliar a influência da experiência de canto nas estratégias de padrão ventilatório durante tarefas vocais. A amostra foi constituída por oito estudantes de canto e treze indivíduos sem experiência na área. Foi monitorizada a variação dos perímetros torácico e abdominal em provas de canto e fala a diferentes intensidades. Verificou-se um maior recrutamento torácico no grupo de cantores nas provas de contagem, nas três intensidades e canto, nas intensidades fraca e forte. Em termos de compartimento abdominal apenas se verificaram diferenças entre os grupos nas provas de canto de intensidade média e forte. As estratégias ventilatórias são variadas reflectindo a insustentabilidade de uma estratégia uniforme para diversas actividades vocais realizadas. Contudo, parece existir uma tendência para um maior recrutamento torácico nos estudantes de canto.Evaluate the influence of singing experience in changes on ventilatory strategies during vocal tasks. The sample was formed by eight voice students and thirteen individuals without experience in singing. The thoracic and abdominal perimeter variation was monitorized during singing and speaking at different intensities. The results pointed to an increased contribution of the thoracic compartment in voice students during speaking at three intensities, and singing at normal and loud intensities. In terms of the abdominal compartment, only singing at normal and loud intensities showed differences. The ventilatory strategies are diverse reflecting the unsustainability of a uniform strategy for various voice activities, although, it seems to be a tendency for an increased contribution of the thoracic compartment in the group of voice students. Key Words: respiratory pattern, speaking voice, singing voice

Avaliação da actividade muscular dos esternocleidomastoideos e masséteres em estudantes de canto

Avaliar os níveis de actividade e grau de simetria dos músculos esternocleidomastoideo e masséter em estudantes de canto. Foi utilizada uma amostra constituída por 8 e 13 estudantes e não estudantes de canto, respectivamente. Foi registado o sinal electromiográfico durante provas de canto a diferentes intensidades. Não ocorreram diferenças entre o masseter direito e esquerdo e esternocleidomastoideo direito e esquerdo nos dois grupos. Ocorreram diferenças na activação dos músculos esternocleidomastoideos quando comparadas as provas média-forte e fraca-forte. Os estudantes de canto não apresentaram assimetrias musculares, sendo o grau de actividade do músculo esternocleidomastoideo influenciado pela intensidade.To assess the levels of activity and degree of symmetry of the sternocleidomastoideus and masseter muscles in singing students. The sample consisted of 13 non-sininging students and 8 singing students. Electromyographic signal was recorded during the singing tests at different intensities. Results: There were no differences between the right and left masseter and right and left sternocleidomastoideus in both groups. There were differences in the activation of the sternocleidomastoideus muscles during medium-strong and weak-strong singing tests. Singing students showed no muscular assymmetry, and the degree of activity of the sternocleidomastoideus muscle was influenced by the intensity

Estimativa da biomassa para as espécies florestais quercus rotundifolia e quercus suber com base em imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial

The forest biomass has had a growing importance in the global economy, by applications in bioenergy, development of bioproducts and issues related to reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. Forest biomass is a global strategic reserve that must be inventoried and monitored. Current techniques for inventory and monitoring of biomass, through the realization of forest inventory, are usually time consuming and expensive. Considering these facts, it is urgent to develop reliable techniques, low costs, to obtain this kind of information. Considering this problem, in this study we applied new techniques for processing of high spatial resolution satellite images. We used the method of multi-resolution segmentation and object-oriented classification to obtain the area of Tree Canopy Horizontal Projection to the forest species under study. With field measurements was also obtained area of Tree Canopy Horizontal Projection and was calculated the forest biomass. The relation between the results of these two methods allowed developing inventory technique to Quercus rotundifolia and Quercus suber forest species considering the Cumulative Canopy Horizontal Projection, measured by high resolution satellite imagery, with a prediction error lower than 5 %. This study was performed considering pure plots, where there is only one forest specie, and mixed plots with both forest species

GIS BASED ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL FOREST RESIDUES FOR ENERGY IN ALENTEJO, PORTUGAL

The present work evaluates the quantity and spatial distribution of potential forest residues in Alentejo, the largest geographic region in Portugal. Forest residues from the five main species in Portugal, tasmanian blue gum, cork oak, maritime pine, holm oak and stone pine, were assessed. The characterization of the biomass residues was performed in a Geographical Information System environment using the Portuguese land cover map and residues production rates from the available literature sources. The calculations were executed for every cell of a 250 m cell size grid. The total potential residues obtained was around 330,000 dry ton/year, with 172,000 dry ton/year being from cork oak. The residues spatial distribution occurs mainly in the western and north-western parts of Alentejo. This area was also the only one to achieve values of residual biomass above 80,000 dry ton/year for a 35 km radius collection area

Reabilitação da função respiratória na pessoa com Pneumonia bacteriana secundária ao Influenza a: Estudo de Caso

Background: The autumn and winter months are associated with an increase in the seasonal epidemic flu responsible for 3 to 5 million cases of serious illness. Secondary bacterial infection is the most frequent complication, with high hospitalization rates. The rehabilitation nurse is recognized for being specialist in therapeutic interventions to provide the recovery of the person with respiratory pathology. Objective: To identify health outcomes from rehabilitation nursing care associated with the optimization of the respiratory function in a person diagnosed with streptococcus pneumonia community-acquired pneumonia secondary to Influenza A infection. Method: Qualitative case study research type. The study highlights the nursing care using the Padrão Documental dos Cuidados da Especialidade de Enfermagem de Reabilitação in an elderly person with altered respiratory function is presented, necessitating oxygen therapy and with its ability to expectorate compromised. The ethical principles in research have been fulfilled. Results: The implementation of the intervention plan constituted by four days revealed a reduction in the sensation of dyspnea; reduction of oxygen therapy; reduction of secretions; improvement in pulmonary auscultation of the vesicular murmur. Conclusions: It is verified that the implementation of an individualized rehabilitation nursing care plan can contribute significantly to promote the recovery of the person with restrictive respiratory pathology.Introducción: Los meses de otoño e invierno están asociados a un aumento de la epidemia estacional de la gripe responsable de 3 a 5 millones de casos de enfermedad grave. La sobre-infección bacteriana secundaria se asume como la complicación más frecuente, con altos índices de internamiento. A los enfermeros especialistas en enfermería de rehabilitación se les reconocen capacidades mediante un conjunto de intervenciones terapéuticas para proporcionar la recuperación de la persona portadora de patología respiratoria. Objetivo: Identificar los resultados de salud sensibles a los cuidados de enfermería de rehabilitación en la optimización de la función respiratoria en una persona con el diagnóstico de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad por streptococcus pneumoniae secundaria a la infeción por Influenza A. Método: Estudio de enfoque cualitativo, tipo estudio de caso. Consiste en la utilización del proceso de enfermería, con recurso al Padrão Documental dos Cuidados da Especialidade de Enfermagem de Reabilitação. Se presenta el caso de una persona anciana con alteración de la función respiratoria, necesitando de oxigenoterapia y capacidad de expetorar comprometida. Se han cumplido los principios éticos en investigación. Resultados: Con la implementación del plan de intervención constituido por cuadro días, se verificaron beneficios en la reducción de la sensación de disnea; reducción del aporte de oxigenoterapia; reducción de la cantidad de secreciones; mejora en la auscultación pulmonar del murmullo vesicular. Conclusiones: Se verifica que con la implementación de un plan de cuidados de enfermería de rehabilitación individualizada se puede contribuir significativamente a la promoción de la recuperación de la persona con patología respiratoria restrictiva.Introdução: Os meses de Outono e Inverno estão associados a um aumento da epidemia sazonal da gripe responsável por 3 a 5 milhões de casos de doença grave.  A sobre-infeção bacteriana secundária assume-se como a complicação mais frequente, com elevados índices de internamento. Aos enfermeiros especialistas em enfermagem de reabilitação são reconhecidas capacidades mediante um conjunto de intervenções terapêuticas para proporcionar a recuperação da pessoa portadora de patologia respiratória. Objetivo: Identificar os ganhos em saúde sensíveis aos cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação na otimização da função respiratória numa pessoa com o diagnóstico de pneumonia adquirida na comunidade por streptococcus pneumoniae secundária à infeção por Influenza A. Método: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, tipo estudo de caso. Consiste na utilização do processo de enfermagem, com recurso ao Padrão Documental dos Cuidados da Especialidade de Enfermagem de Reabilitação. É apresentado o caso de uma pessoa idosa com alteração da função respiratória, necessitando de oxigenoterapia e capacidade de expetorar comprometida. Foram cumpridos os princípios éticos em investigação. Resultados: Com a implementação do plano de intervenção constituído por quadro dias, foram verificados ganhos na redução da sensação de dispneia; redução do aporte de oxigenoterapia; redução da quantidade de secreções; melhoria na auscultação pulmonar do murmúrio vesicular. Conclusões: Verifica-se que com a implementação de um plano de cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação individualizado pode-se contribuir significativamente na promoção da recuperação da pessoa com patologia respiratória restritiva