Advanced Design Architecture for Network Intrusion Detection using Data Mining and Network Performance Exploration

The primary goal of an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is to identify intruders and differentiate anomalous network activity from normal one. Intrusion detection has become a significant component of network security administration due to the enormous number of attacks persistently threaten our computer networks and systems. Traditional Network IDS are limited and do not provide a comprehensive solution for these serious problems which are causing the many types security breaches and IT service impacts. They search for potential malicious abnormal activities on the network traffics; they sometimes succeed to find true network attacks and anomalies (true positive). However, in many cases, systems fail to detect malicious network behaviors (false negative) or they fire alarms when nothing wrong in the network (false positive). In accumulation, they also require extensive and meticulous manual processing and interference. Hence applying Data Mining (DM) techniques on the network traffic data is a potential solution that helps in design and develops better efficient intrusion detection systems. Data mining methods have been used build automatic intrusion detection systems. The central idea is to utilize auditing programs to extract set of features that describe each network connection or session, and apply data mining programs to learn that capture intrusive and non-intrusive behavior. In addition, Network Performance Analysis (NPA) is also an effective methodology to be applied for intrusion detection. In this research paper, we discuss DM and NPA Techniques for network intrusion detection and propose that an integration of both approaches have the potential to detect intrusions in networks more effectively and increases accuracy

STUDY OF NIRUDDHA PRAKASH WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PHIMOSIS: A REVIEW

In Ayurvedic Samhita Niruddha Prakash (phimosis) vyadhi (disease) is described to be formed because of vitiated Vata Dosha where constricted Shishnacharma (prepuce) covers Mani (glans penis). This creates obstructed, slow urine flow and the prepuce could not be retracted. Treatment described in Ayurvedic epics is dilatation of preputial meatus by Niruddhaprakash Nadiyantra and Vatadosh Shamak medicated tail (oil) Parishek (fomentation). Surgery is advised if this measure fails. Niruddha prakash has similar features to that of phimosis described in modern medical science. Recent researches shows that glans penis and prepuce has common epithelium and its complete separation essential for complete prepitual retraction exposing whole of glans may normally occur up to the age of 17 years. This may lead to wrong diagnosis of phimosis. Circumcision is considered as treatment of choice for phimosis. In this review article efforts have made to analyze description of Niruddha prakash in Ayurved Epics, and recent researches regarding development and separation of prepuce, non surgical treatment of phimosis for bypass of surgical and anaesthetic complications, and surgical procedure with less complications compared to circumcision that will preserve prepuce as it is important structure protecting glans and urethral meatus and also for coital pleasure.

Chemical Beneficiation of Low Grade Coal - A Review

India is having large reserves of low grade coals. The use of low-grade coal in various industries like power plants, metallurgical plants, cement units etc. leads to environ-mental pollution because of generation of large amount of solid and gaseous pollutants. Therefore, it is of impor-tance paramount to clean the coal before its utilization. There are a number of upgrading technologies to produce clean coal. The current paper reviews demineralization aspects by physical and chemical beneficiation of high ash and/ sulfur containing coal.Physical beneficiation of coal is not very effective in separation of the finely dispersed minerals, whereas chemical beneficiation uses expensive reagents and leads to generation of large amount of waste-water which needs to be purified before discharge. Thus, a combined approach consisting of physical and chemical cleaning of coal appears to have a potential for. signifi-cant reduction of ash with less investment while generat-ing less polluting wastewater

Formulation and evaluation of in situ ophthalmic gel of loteprednol etabonate

The aim of present study was to prepared ocular in-situ gel to increase the residence time of drug in cornea for improvement of ocular bioavailability of drug. In situ gel of Loteprednol etabonate was prepared by using carobopol 940 and different grades of HPMC in different ratios by pH triggered method. The prepared in situ gels were evaluated for pH, drug content, viscosity, gelling time, gelling strength spreadability and sterility testing. In vitro drug release study was carried by using diffusion cell with dialysis membrane. The drug content and pH of the formulation were found to be satisfactory. The gelling strength was found to be in the range of 34 seconds to 91 seconds. The viscosity and spredability of the formulations were found to be satisfactory. Formulation F5 containing 0.3 % carobopol 940 and 0.6 % HPMC K4M showed highest drug release of 80.30 %. The developed formulations showed sustained release of drug up to 8 hrs. From in-vitro drug release studies, it could be concluded that the developed in-situ gelling systems were thus a better alternative to conventional eye drops

Solvent extraction and separation of copper and zinc from a pickling solution

Solvent extraction studies of copper and zinc have been carried out using Versatic 10 acid and Cyanex 272 separately from a model brass pickle liquor. Various parameters for the extraction and separation of copper and zinc such as effect of pH, extractant concentration, phase ratio etc. have been optimized. It was observed that copper was almost completely extracted into the organic phase comprising of 30% Versatic 10 acid at the equilibrium pH of 5.0 using the phase ratio of 1:1 whereas, zinc extraction was noticed at above pH 5.0. On the other hand the pH0.5 values were 3.5 and 4.6 for zinc and copper respectively with 20% Cyanex 272. The difference in pH0.5 value of 1.10 indicated the possible separation of Zn and Cu. By McCabe Thiele diagram number of stages required for the counter current extraction of copper and zinc has been determined for both the solvents. The stripping study showed that 1 mol/L H2SO4 was sufficient to strip metal ions in a single contact from each of the extractant

Processing of a Waste Stream for Separation and Recovery of Copper and Zinc

Solvent extraction studies of copper and zinc have been carried out using Cyanex 272 and LIX 984N separately from a model waste stream of brass pickling. Various parameters for the extraction and separation of copper and zinc such as effect of pH, extractant concentration, phase ratio etc. have been optimized. The results show that extraction of copper and zinc from solution after acid extraction increased with increase in pH and their pH0.5 values were found to be 3.5 and 4.6, and 2.5 and 5.5 with Cyanex 272 and LIX 984N, respectively; LIX 984N showed greater selectivity for copper compared to zinc. By McCabe Thiele diagram number of stages required for the counter current extraction of copper and zinc has been determined for each of the solvents. The stripping study showed that 1 mol/L H2SO4 was sufficient to strip metal ions from both the extractants. An attempt was made to prepare high value products such as copper powder and zinc oxide from the loaded or stripped solution which could be imminently suitable for various P/M and other application

Extraction of trivalent chromium from tannery effluent by ion exchange with indion 790 resin

Extraction of chromium(III) from a model tanning effluent has been studied by ion exchange using Indion 790 resin. The resin has been found to be selective for the sorption of chromium(III) in the pH range 0.5-3.5 from a model solution containing 500 ppm chromium(III). Beyond pH 3.5 extraction of chromium(III) drastically decreases from 92% to 76.5%. Sorption of chromium(III) on Indion 790 follows Freundlich isotherm indicating strong chemical interaction of the metal ion with the resin. Desorption of chromium(III) from the loaded resin increases with the increase in concentration of eluant (5-20% H2SO4). With 20% sulfuric acid solution 89% chromium(III) was eluted in two stages. The bench scale results are also validated in continuous mode in a fixed bed column for the recovery of chromium(III) from tannery effluent

An unusual and rare case of burn: challenge to cause and manner of death

In the brought dead cases where the dead body is completely charred pose difficulty to autopsy surgeon in commenting cause & manner of death. Many a times, scene of incidence, the inquest report, history narrated by relatives and postmortem findings may not go hand-in-hand. Suicides by burning especially by females are very common in India, but charred (burn) body without conflagration in which manner is suicidal is rarely occurred and reported. “Char means to burn to charcoal”. Investigation in this type of cases by police officer is again a matter of his knowledge and experience. Here we are reporting such case; a well built, 26 years old married but separated, mentally stressed female living with her mother and brother since 3 years, was found in bathroom in a charred condition on 03/01/2012 around 06:30 hours. As per inquest, manner of death is suicidal. The autopsy findings did not reveal exact cause of death but raised the suspicion of homicide. So the present case report will make everyone to think over not only importance of cause and manner of death in case of charred body but also to reinforce the investigating authority for thorough investigation in favor of justice to the victim

TIRSPEC : TIFR Near Infrared Spectrometer and Imager

We describe the TIFR Near Infrared Spectrometer and Imager (TIRSPEC) designed and built in collaboration with M/s. Mauna Kea Infrared LLC, Hawaii, USA, now in operation on the side port of the 2-m Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT), Hanle (Ladakh), India at an altitude of 4500 meters above mean sea level. The TIRSPEC provides for various modes of operation which include photometry with broad and narrow band filters, spectrometry in single order mode with long slits of 300" length and different widths, with order sorter filters in the Y, J, H and K bands and a grism as the dispersing element as well as a cross dispersed mode to give a coverage of 1.0 to 2.5 microns at a resolving power R of ~1200. The TIRSPEC uses a Teledyne 1024 x 1024 pixel Hawaii-1 PACE array detector with a cutoff wavelength of 2.5 microns and on HCT, provides a field of view of 307" x 307" with a plate scale of 0.3"/pixel. The TIRSPEC was successfully commissioned in June 2013 and the subsequent characterization and astronomical observations are presented here. The TIRSPEC has been made available to the worldwide astronomical community for science observations from May 2014.Comment: 20 pages, 21 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in Journal of Astronomical Instrumentatio