Information related to low-level mixed waste inventory, characteristics, generation, and facility assessment for treatment, storage, and disposal alternatives considered in the U.S. Department of Energy Waste Management Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement

This report was prepared to support the analysis of risks and costs associated with the proposed treatment of low-level mixed waste (LLMW) under management of the US Department of Energy (DOE). The various waste management alternatives for treatment of LLMW have been defined in the DOE`s Office of Waste Management Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement. This technical memorandum estimates the waste material throughput expected at each proposed LLMW treatment facility and analyzes potential radiological and chemical releases at each DOE site resulting from treatment of these wastes. Models have been developed to generate site-dependent radiological profiles and waste-stream-dependent chemical profiles for these wastes. Current site-dependent inventories and estimates for future generation of LLMW have been obtained from DOE`s 1994 Mixed Waste Inventory Report (MWIR-2). Using treatment procedures developed by the Mixed Waste Treatment Project, the MWIR-2 database was analyzed to provide waste throughput and emission estimates for each of the different waste types assessed in this report. Uncertainties in the estimates at each site are discussed for waste material throughputs and radiological and chemical releases

Development of chemical profiles for U.S. Department of Energy low-level mixed wastes

Chemical and radiological profiles of waste streams from US Department of Energy (DOE) low-level mixed wastes (LLMWs) have been developed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) to provide technical support information for evaluating waste management alternatives in the Office of Environmental Management Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (EM PEIS). The chemical profiles were developed for LLMW generated from both Waste Management (WM) operations and from Environmental Restoration (ER) activities at DOE facilities. Information summarized in the 1994 DOE Mixed Waste Inventory Report (MWIR-2), the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) Automated Remedial Assessment Methodology (ARAM), and associated PNL supporting data on ER secondary waste streams that will be treated in WM treatment facilities were used as the sources for developing chemical profiles. The methodology for developing the LLMW chemical profiles is discussed, and the chemical profiles developed from data for contact-handled (CH) non-alpha LLMW are presented in this paper. The hazardous chemical composition of remote-handled (RH) LLMW and alpha LLMW follow the chemical profiles developed for CH non-alpha LLMW

Development of radiological profiles for U.S. Department of Energy low-level mixed wastes

Radiological profiles have been developed by Argonne National Laboratory for low-level mixed wastes (LLMWs) that are under the management of the US Department of Energy (DOE). These profiles have been used in the Office of Environmental Management Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (EM PEIS) to support the analysis of environmental and health risks associated with the various waste management strategies. The radiological characterization of DOE LLMWs is generally inadequate and has made it difficult to develop a site- and waste-stream-dependent radiological profile for LLMWs. On the basis of the operational history of the DOE sites, a simple model was developed to generate site-dependent and waste-stream-independent radiological profiles for LLMWs. This paper briefly discusses the assumptions used in this model and the uncertainties in the results

Hidden Order and Dimerization Transition in S=2S=2 Chains

We study ground state properties of the $S=2$ quantum antiferromagnetic chain with a bond alternation H = \sum_{j} [ 1 + \delta (-1)^j ] \mbox{\boldmath $S$}_{j} \cdot \mbox{\boldmath $S$}_{j+1} by a Quantum Monte Carlo calculation. We find that the hidden $Z_2 \times Z_2$ symmetry is broken for $0.3 < |\delta| < 0.5$ while it is unbroken in the other regions. This confirms the successive dimerization transitions first predicted by Affleck and Haldane. Our result shows that these transitions can be understood in terms of the hidden $Z_2 \times Z_2$ symmetry breaking, as was discussed using the Valence-Bond-Solid states. Furthermore, we find that the behavior of the generalized string correlation is qualitatively very similar to that in the Valence-Bond-Solid states, including the location of zeroes as a function of the angle parameter.Comment: 3 pages (LaTex with jpsj-style files (ftp://ftp.u-tokyo.ac.jp/pub/SOCIETY/JPSJ)) and 1 Postscript figur

Binary collisions of charged particles in a magnetic field

Binary collisions between charged particles in an external magnetic field are considered in second-order perturbation theory, starting from the unperturbed helical motion of the particles. The calculations are done with the help of an improved binary collisions treatment which is valid for any strength of the magnetic field, where the second-order energy and velocity transfers are represented in Fourier space for arbitrary interaction potentials. The energy transfer is explicitly calculated for a regularized and screened potential which is both of finite range and non-singular at the origin, and which involves as limiting cases the Debye (i.e., screened) and Coulomb potential. Two distinct cases are considered in detail. (i) The collision of two identical (e.g., electron-electron) particles; (ii) and the collision between a magnetized electron and an uniformly moving heavy ion. The energy transfer involves all harmonics of the electron cyclotron motion. The validity of the perturbation treatment is evaluated by comparing with classical trajectory Monte--Carlo calculations which also allows to investigate the strong collisions with large energy and velocity transfer at low velocities. For large initial velocities on the other hand, only small velocity transfers occur. There the non-perturbative numerical classical trajectory Monte--Carlo results agree excellently with the predictions of the perturbative treatment.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.

Thermodynamics of a mixed quantum-classical Heisenberg model in two dimensions

We study the planar antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on a decorated hexagonal lattice, involving both classical spins (occupying the vertices) and quantum spins (occupying the middle of the links). This study is motivated by the description of a recently synthesized molecular magnetic compound. First, we trace out the spin 1/2 degrees of freedom to obtain a fully classical model with an effective ferromagnetic interaction. Then, using high temperature expansions and Monte Carlo simulations, we analyse its thermal and magnetic properties. We show that it provides a good quantitative description of the magnetic susceptibility of the molecular magnet in its paramagnetic phase.Comment: Revtex, 6 pages, 4 included postscript figures, fig.1 upon request to [email protected] . To appear in J. of Physic C (condensed matter

The modeling of contaminant flow during proposed treatment of U.S. Department of Energy low-level radioactive mixed wastes

Estimations of waste materials throughput and the potential radiological and chemical releases resulting from the proposed treatment of US Department of Energy (DOE) low-level mixed wastes (LLMWs) were used to support analyses of risks and costs associated with various waste management alternatives outlined in the Office of Environmental Management Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (EM PEIS). The modeling of material flow and contaminant releases through a consolidated waste management flowchart was performed by the WASTE{_}MGMT computational model developed by Argonne National Laboratory. This paper (1) briefly describes the process used to model estimated material and contaminant flow through the proposed treatment scenarios for the EM PEIS, (2) discusses the key site- and/or waste-stream-dependent factors involved in the determination of radiological and chemical emissions, and (3) explains the assumptions used to integrate the available LLMW database with the computational model

Unique Continuation for Schr\"odinger Evolutions, with applications to profiles of concentration and traveling waves

We prove unique continuation properties for solutions of the evolution Schr\"odinger equation with time dependent potentials. As an application of our method we also obtain results concerning the possible concentration profiles of blow up solutions and the possible profiles of the traveling waves solutions of semi-linear Schr\"odinger equations.Comment: 23 page

Maximal Neutrino Mixing and Maximal CP Violation

We propose a phenomenological model of lepton mixing and CP violation based on the flavor democracy of charge leptons and the mass degeneracy of neutrinos. A nearly bi-maximal flavor mixing pattern, which is favored by current data on atmospheric and solar neutrino oscillations, emerges naturally from this model after explicit symmetry breaking. The rephasing-invariant strength of CP or T violation can be as large as one percent, leading to significant probability asymmetries between \nu_\mu \to \nu_e and \bar{\nu}_\mu \to \bar{\nu}_e (or \nu_e \to \nu_\mu) transitions in the long-baseline neutrino experiments.Comment: LaTex 12 pages (2 figures included

A Possibility of Detecting Fast Neutrons in a 10B Solid-gas Detector

The possibility of detecting thermal and fast neutrons in 10B solid-gas detector is considered. The simulation of the neutron detection process shows a significant difference in the detector signals caused by neutrons of different energies. An experimental verification of the detector’s operation was performed using W-Be photoneutron source with different ratio of fast and thermal neutrons incident on the detector. The measured amplitude spectra of the signals for different neutron energies were compared with the simulation results. The qualitative agreement between experimental and calculated data indicates the possibility of using this detector for recording thermal and fast neutrons