Human Capital of Transnational Corporations in the Energy Sector

For the development of the energy sector, at the present stage, it is necessary to use certain resources. The paper analyzed the application of human capital in the energy sector. To achieve this goal, the authors used the method of offset. It is established that the world energy consumption increases, and the dynamics of the employed population in the energy sector remains within the same norm. It is determined that an important factor for the development of the economy is the gross regional product. As its increase helps to reduce energy intensity. The authors show that human potential is not only a personal characteristic received by the employee independently, but also by the acquired position, which is ensured by the implementation of corporate tools. The paper considers the economic, social and legal provision of such instruments. Keywords: labor resources, electrification, energy efficiency, expert evaluation, energy system. JEL Classifications: A10, P48 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.690

Equal Time Correlations in Haldane Gap Antiferromagnets

The $S=1$ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain both with and without single ion anisotropy is studied. Using the recently proposed density matrix renormalization group technique we calculate the energy gaps as well as several different correlation functions. The two gaps, $\Delta_{||}, \Delta_\perp$, along with associated correlation lengths and velocities are determined. The numerical results are shown to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions derived from the nonlinear sigma model and a free boson model. We also study the $S=1/2$ excitations that occur at the ends of open chains; in particular we study the behavior associated with open boundary conditions, using a model of $S=1/2$ spins coupled to the free bosons.Comment: 32 pages, uufiles encoded REVTEX 3.0, 19 postscript figures included, UBCTP-93-02

Tuning the spin Hamiltonian of NENP by external pressure: a neutron scattering study

We report an inelastic neutron scattering study of antiferromagnetic spin dynamics in the Haldane chain compound Ni(C2H8N2)2NO2ClO4 (NENP) under external hydrostatic pressure P = 2.5 GPa. At ambient pressure, the magnetic excitations in NENP are dominated by a long-lived triplet mode with a gap which is split by orthorhombic crystalline anisotropy into a lower doublet centered at $\Delta_\perp\approx$ 1.2meV and a singlet at $\Delta_\parallel\approx$ 2.5meV. With pressure we observe appreciable shifts in these levels, which move to $\Delta_\perp{(2.5GPa)}\approx$ 1.45 meV and $\Delta_\parallel(2.5GPa)\approx$ 2.2meV. The dispersion of these modes in the crystalline c-direction perpendicular to the chain was measured here for the first time, and can be accounted for by an interchain exchange J'_c approximately 3e-4*J which changes only slightly with pressure. Since the average gap value $\Delta_H\approx$ 1.64 meV remains almost unchanged with P, we conclude that in NENP the application of external pressure does not affect the intrachain coupling J appreciably, but does produce a significant decrease of the single-ion anisotropy constant from D/J = 0.16(2) at ambient pressure to D/J = 0.09(7) at P = 2.5 GPa.Comment: LaTeX file nenp_p.tex, 10 pages, 1 table, 5 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev.

PCSK9 Inhibitors in Clinical Practice: Experience of a Specialized Lipid Center

Aim. To characterize patients receiving PCSK9 inhibitors, and assess the efficiency of their treatment in a specialized lipid center.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients who visited the Lipid clinic of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine (Moscow, Russia), receiving PCSK9 inhibitor and having lipid profile in dynamics, was carried out (n=77). Cardiovascular risk (CVR) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target levels were evaluated in accordance with the Russian guidelines for the diagnostics and correction of dyslipidemias 2020.Results. Of 77 patients taking PCSK9 inhibitors (44.2% males, the median of age 56 [47; 66] years), the majority (64.0%) had a probable or definite familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The proportion of other lipid metabolism disorders, pure hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia was 21% and 15%. More than half of the patients (68.8%) had a very high CVR, mainly due to the presence of coronary heart disease (84.9%). The proportion of patients receiving PCSK9 inhibitors as monotherapy was 7.8%, in combination with high-intensity statin therapy – 33.8%, as part of triple lipid-lowering therapy (high-intensity statin, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors) – 50.6%. Addition of PCSK9 inhibitors to combined lipid-lowering therapy enabled to reduce the LDL-C level to 1.02 [0.62; 1.39] mmol/l with its total decrease from the baseline by 87.3%. While taking PCSK9 inhibitors, LDL-C <1.8 mmol/l and <1.4 mmol/l achieved at 78.3% and 57.7% FH patients with high and very high CVR, respectively. Among patients with other hyperlipidemias, 74.1% of patients with very high CVR was achieved the target LDL-C level <1.4 mmol/l.Conclusion: In a specialized lipid center, PCSK9 inhibitors are prescribed to patients with high or very high CVR, most of whom are FH patients. The effectiveness of the use of PCSK9 inhibitors in real-world practice is comparable to the results of clinical trials

Выявление нетуберкулезных микобактерий, циркулирующих в разных регионах Сибири, и анализ их лекарственной устойчивости

The objective of the study: to identify the frequency of various species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolated in the patients of TB services in Siberian Region during 2014-2018, to determine the correlation between rates of resistance to different antibacterial drugs.Subjects and methods. PCR hybridization on strip strips (Hain Lifescience GenoType Mycobacterium CM / AS) was used to genotype 475 NTM isolates of patients from various TB hospitals inSiberia. Drug susceptibility was tested by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) on culture with serial micro-dilutions in a liquid medium using TREK Diagnostic Systems kits. 64 panels were used for slow-growing mycobacteria (SLOWMYCO), 46 - for fast-growing ones(RAPMYCO). Data processing was performed using the APL of 3.5.1 and the data analysis software of Rstudio, version 1.1.442.Results of the study1. Tomsk Region differs from the other considered regions ofSiberiadue to higher frequency of M. intracellulare among isolates identified by PCR hybridization. In other regions, M. fortuitum prevails among isolated.2. Incomparison with the reference data (CLSI M62, 2018), differences in the MIC of some NTM species isolated from patients in Siberia and theFar Eastwere observed, most likely related to the regional characteristics of these isolates.3. HTM isolates resistant to moxifloxacin are also resistant to linezolid, trimethoprim, and ciprofloxacin.4. Fast-growing clarithromycin resistant HTM isolates are predominantly sensitive to moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim.Цель исследования: выявить частоту видов нетуберкулезных микобактерий (НТМ), выделенных от пациентов противотуберкулезных учреждений Сибирского региона за период 2014-2018 гг., определить корреляционные взаимосвязи между показателями резистентности к разным антибактериальным препаратам.Материалы и методы. Методом ПЦР-гибридизации на стрип-полосках (Hain Lifescience GenoType Mycobacterium CM/AS) проведено генотипирование 475 изолятов НТМ, выделенных от пациентов разных противотуберкулезных стационаров Сибири. Лекарственную устойчивость тестировали методом минимальных ингибирующих концентраций (МИК), культуральным методом серийных микроразведений в жидкой питательной среде с применением наборов TREK Diagnostic Systems. Использовали 64 панели для медленнорастущих микобактерий (SLOWMYCO), 46 – для быстрорастущих (RAPMYCO). Обработку данных проводили с использованием языка программирования 3.5.1 и среды анализа данных Rstudio, версии 1.1.442.Результаты исследования.1. Томская область отличается от остальных рассматриваемых регионов Сибири большей частотой встречаемости M. intracellulare среди изолятов, идентифицированных методом ПЦР-гибридизации. В остальных регионах наиболее часто встречающимся видом является M. fortuitum.2. В сравнении с референсными данными (CLSI M62, 2018) получены отличия МИК некоторых видов НТМ, выделенных у больных на территориях Сибири и Дальнего Востока, скорее всего связанные с региональными особенностями данных изолятов.3. Изоляты НТМ, устойчивые к моксифлоксацину, являются также резистентными к линезолиду, тримептоприму, ципрофлоксацину.4. Быстрорастущие изоляты НТМ, устойчивые к кларитромицину, преимущественно являются чувствительными к моксифлоксацину, ципрофлоксацину и триметоприму

Haldane-gap excitations in the low-H_c 1-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet NDMAP

Inelastic neutron scattering on deuterated single-crystal samples is used to study Haldane-gap excitations in the new S=1 one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet NDMAP, that was recently recognized as an ideal model system for high-field studies. The Haldane gap energies $\Delta_x=0.42$ meV, $\Delta_y=0.52$ meV and $\Delta_z=1.86$ meV, for excitations polarized along the a, b, and c crystallographic axes, respectively, are directly measured. The dispersion perpendicular to the chain axis c is studied, and extremely weak inter-chain coupling constants $J_y=1.8\cdot 10^{-3}$ meV and $J_x=3.5\cdot 10^{-4}$ meV, along the a and b axes, respectively, are determined. The results are discussed in the context of future experiments in high magnetic fields.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Влияние лития хлорида на активацию нейтрофилов под действием сыворотки пациентов с септическим шоком

The aim of the study: to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of lithium chloride by exposing the human neutrophils to serum of patients with septic shock in vitro.Material and methods. The study was carried out on neutrophils extracted from the blood of 6 healthy donors, which were activated with serum from patients with septic shock. The neutrophil activity was evaluated with fluorescent antibodies to the CD11b and CD66b markers of degranulation. The level of human neutrophil apoptosis and necrosis was assessed 22 hours after extraction; quantitative assessment was made using annexin V and propidium iodide with flow cytofluorimetry. Intact and activated neutrophils were treated with 0.3, 3.0 and 9.0 mmol lithium chloride solution.Results. The level of CD11b expression on the surface of intact neutrophils (healthy donors) was 3434.50 [3311.0-3799.0] arbitrary fluorescence units (AFU). Incubation of neutrophils with serum of patients with septic shock increased CD11b expression 2.5 times to 8589.0 [7279.0-11258.0] AFU (P=0.005) vs intact leukocytes, and increased CD66b expression 2.7 times up to 27 600.0 [22 999.0-28 989.0] AFU ((P=0.005) vs intact neutrophils. Lithium chloride in concentrations of 0.3, 3.0 and 9.0 mmol in a dose-dependent manner reduced the level of expression of CD11b and CD66b molecules on the surface of activated neutrophils. Septic serum reduced spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis, and 3.0 mmol and higher lithium chloride solution induced spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis.Conclusion. Lithium chloride reduces the activation of neutrophils preactivated by serum of patients with septic shock, reduces expression of CD11b and CD66b molecules on the neutrophil surface, inhibiting the process of their activation (degranulation). Lithium chloride in concentration of 3.0 mmol and higher is able to induce spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils activated by serum of patients with septic shock.Цель исследования — изучить противовоспалительное действие хлорида лития путем воздействия на нейтрофилы человека сыворотки пациентов с септическим шоком in vitro.Материал и методы. Исследование проводили на выделенных из крови 6 здоровых доноров нейтрофилах, которые активировали с помощью сыворотки пациентов с септическим шоком, после чего оценивали их активность с помощью флуоресцентных антител к маркерам дегрануляции CD11b и CD66b. Уровень апоптоза и некроза нейтрофилов человека оценивали через 22 часа после выделения; количественная оценка была проведена с использованием аннексина V и йодистого пропидия на проточном цитофлуориметре. Интактные и активированные нейтрофилы обрабатывали раствором хлорида лития в концентрациях 0,3; 3,0 и 9 ммоль.Результаты. Уровень экспрессии CD11b на поверхности интактных нейтрофилов (здоровые доноры) составил 3434,50 [3311,0-3799,0] условных единиц флуоресценции (у.е.ф.). Инкубация нейтрофилов с сывороткой крови пациентов с септическим шоком увеличивала экспрессию CD11b в 2,5 раза — 8589,0 [7279,0-11258,0] у.е.ф. (р=0,005) в сравнении с интактными лейкоцитами, и увеличивала экспрессию CD66b в 2,7 раза до 27 600,0 [22 999,0-28 989,0] у.е.ф. (р=0,005) в сравнении с интактными нейтрофилами. Лития хлорид дозозависимо в концентрациях — 0,3 ммоль, 3,0 и 9,0 ммоль снижал уровень экспрессии молекул CD11b и CD66b на поверхности активированных нейтрофилов. Септическая сыворотка уменьшала спонтанный апоптоз нейтрофилов, а раствор лития хлорида в дозе 3 ммоль и выше индуцировал спонтанный апоптоз нейтрофилов.Заключение. Хлорид лития снижает степень активации нейтрофилов, предварительно активированных сывороткой пациентов с септическим шоком, снижает уровень экспрессии молекул CD11b и CD66b на поверхности нейтрофилов, ингибируя процесс их активации (дегрануляции). Лития хлорида в концентрации 3 ммоль и выше способен индуцировать спонтанный апоптоз нейтрофилов, активированных сыворотками пациентов с септическим шоком

Reciprocal transformations of Hamiltonian operators of hydrodynamic type: nonlocal Hamiltonian formalism for linearly degenerate systems

Reciprocal transformations of Hamiltonian operators of hydrodynamic type are investigated. The transformed operators are generally nonlocal, possessing a number of remarkable algebraic and differential-geometric properties. We apply our results to linearly degenerate semi-Hamiltonian systems in Riemann invariants. Since all such systems are linearizable by appropriate (generalized) reciprocal transformations, our formulae provide an infinity of mutually compatible nonlocal Hamiltonian structures, explicitly parametrized by arbitrary functions of one variable.Comment: 26 page

Measurement of J/ψ→γηcJ/\psi\to\gamma\eta_{\rm c} decay rate and ηc\eta_{\rm c} parameters at KEDR

Using the inclusive photon spectrum based on a data sample collected at the $J/\psi$ peak with the KEDR detector at the VEPP-4M $e^+e^-$ collider, we measured the rate of the radiative decay $J/\psi\to\gamma\eta_{\rm c}$ as well as $\eta_{\rm c}$ mass and width. Taking into account an asymmetric photon lineshape we obtained $\Gamma^0_{\gamma\eta_{\rm c}}=2.98\pm0.18 \phantom{|}^{+0.15}_{-0.33}$ keV, $M_{\eta_{\rm c}} = 2983.5 \pm 1.4 \phantom{|}^{+1.6}_{-3.6}$ MeV/$c^2$, $\Gamma_{\eta_{\rm c}} = 27.2 \pm 3.1 \phantom{|}^{+5.4}_{-2.6}$ MeV.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure