TORTS-STATUTES-UNSATISIFIED JUDGMENT AND HIT-AND-RUN PROVISIONS AS SUPPLEMENTING FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACTS

In 1947, North Dakota enacted legislation providing that one who recovers a judgment in an action for damages for personal injuries or death resulting from the operation of a motor vehicle and who cannot execute the judgment because of the defendants\u27 inability to pay and lack of property, may receive payment from the state unsatisfied judgment fund upon application to the court and assignment of the judgment to the state. The fund was created, and is to be maintained, by a special assessment on motor vehicle owners. 1951 North Dakota legislation provides that any person who has a cause of action for personal injuries or death resulting from a motor vehicle accident may recover from the unsatisfied judgment fund in an action nominally against the state highway commissioner when the identity of the person or persons against whom the action might he brought cannot he ascertained. Upon payment the state is subrogated pro tanto to the rights that the person recovering has against the unascertained person. In both instances, maximum payments out of the fund are limited to $5,000 on each judgment and to$10,000 for each accident

Primary tunnel junction thermometry

We describe the concept and experimental demonstration of primary thermometry based on a four probe measurement of a single tunnel junction embedded within four arrays of junctions. We show that in this configuration random sample specific and environment-related errors can be avoided. This method relates temperature directly to Boltzmann constant, which will form the basis of the definition of temperature and realization of official temperature scales in the future

Primary thermometry in the intermediate Coulomb blockade regime

We investigate Coulomb blockade thermometers (CBT) in an intermediate temperature regime, where measurements with enhanced accuracy are possible due to the increased magnitude of the differential conductance dip. Previous theoretical results show that corrections to the half width and to the depth of the measured conductance dip of a sensor are needed, when leaving the regime of weak Coulomb blockade towards lower temperatures. In the present work, we demonstrate experimentally that the temperature range of a CBT sensor can be extended by employing these corrections without compromising the primary nature or the accuracy of the thermometer.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure