How valuable are your customers in the brand value co-creation process? The development of a Customer Co-Creation Value (CCCV) scale.

Despite an increasing amount of research on co-creation of value, in general, research on brand value co-creation remains limited. Particularly, how much value customers contribute to the brand value co-creation process remains unclear. This research develops in a series of eight studies the Customer Co-Creation Value (CCCV) measurement scale that helps firms assess the value of customers in the brand value co-creation process. The findings reveal that CCCV is a multidimensional construct consisting of two higher-order factors and seven dimensions: customer-owned resources (including brand knowledge, brand skills, brand creativity, and brand connectedness) and customer motivation (comprising brand passion, brand trust, and brand commitment). Further, the CCCV scale reliably and validly gauges the value customers contribute to a firm's brand. The CCCV framework helps marketing managers understand how customers can contribute to a firm's brand value cocreation efforts and how much value customers contribute to a brand in the co-creation process

Hypothesis Explaining the Pathophysiology of Multiple Organ Failure Following Infection and Other Inflammatory Insults

<p>Antibiotics, sedatives, and inotropes may cause harm through inhibition of mitochondrial function. Antibiotics may also delay recovery by impeding mitochondrial regeneration.</p

Additional file 10: of Lymphocyte subset expression and serum concentrations of PD-1/PD-L1 in sepsis - pilot study

Figure S5. CD4+ T cell percentage positivity. Comparison of the expression levels as determined by percentage positivity of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 on CD4+ T cell subsets (CD27+ and CD27-) between patients with sepsis and healthy controls. (DOCX 465 kb

Additional file 9: of Lymphocyte subset expression and serum concentrations of PD-1/PD-L1 in sepsis - pilot study

Figure S4. CD4+ T cell subset MFI. Comparison of expression of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 as determined by MFI on CD4+ T cell subsets (CD27+ and CD27-) between patients with sepsis and healthy controls. (DOCX 257 kb

Additional file 1: of Lymphocyte subset expression and serum concentrations of PD-1/PD-L1 in sepsis - pilot study

Figure S1. Example of gating used in data analysis. The isotype (and FMO) was used to set the negative gate, and then the percentage of positive cells was taken as the percentage above this gate. Separate healthy and sepsis isotypes were used (Figure S1a and b respectively). Figure S1c shows an example of MFI signalling in healthy and sepsis isotypes, and healthy, sepsis survivor and sepsis non-survivor samples. (DOCX 441 kb

Additional file 16: of Lymphocyte subset expression and serum concentrations of PD-1/PD-L1 in sepsis - pilot study

Figure S11. Serum versus cell surface expression. Serum levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 are plotted against cell surface expression levels on B cells and CD4+ T cells. (DOCX 286 kb

Additional file 5: of Lymphocyte subset expression and serum concentrations of PD-1/PD-L1 in sepsis - pilot study

Table S4. Proportion of positive cells by CD27 expression status. Proportion of CD27+ B cells, CD27- B cells, CD27+ CD4+ T cells and CD27- CD4+ T cells that express PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 in patients with sepsis compared to healthy controls. (DOCX 12 kb

Additional file 6: of Lymphocyte subset expression and serum concentrations of PD-1/PD-L1 in sepsis - pilot study

Figure S2. B cell subset MFI. Comparison of expression of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 as determined by MFI on B cell subsets (CD27+ and CD27-) in patients with sepsis and healthy controls. (DOCX 251 kb

Additional file 11: of Lymphocyte subset expression and serum concentrations of PD-1/PD-L1 in sepsis - pilot study

Figure S6. Comparison by nosocomial infection status. Comparison of expression of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 between patients who developed a nosocomial infection and those who did not. (DOCX 253 kb

Additional file 14: of Lymphocyte subset expression and serum concentrations of PD-1/PD-L1 in sepsis - pilot study

Figure S9. Comparison by survival status. Comparison of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression by B and CD4+ T cells between sepsis survivors and non-survivors. (DOCX 278 kb