A Case of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Who Developed Tonic Status Epilepticus Induced by Intravenous Diazepam

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is an epileptic encephalopathy characterized by several types of seizures, special EEG patterns, and cognitive deterioration with resistance to therapy and poor prognosis. It is a well known phenomenon that some antiepileptic drugs (AED) have a worsening effect on some seizure types, especially in the generalized epilepsies of childhood. However, its underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are not fully understood. In this paper, a case with LGS who developed tonic status epilepticus induced by diazepame given intravenously is reported and the topic of seizure aggravation caused by AED and LGS is discussed

Hyperglycemia-induced Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus (NCSE) and Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Results: A Case Presentation

Epileptic seizure occur in up to 25% of cases of, non-ketotic hyperglycemia (NKH). These seizures are the first finding of diabetes mellitus in 50% of the patients. The most common epilepsy is known as epilepsia partialis continua (EPC), Occipital lobe seizures and aphasic seizures may also be seen in these patients. The recovery from seizures can be with the correction of hyperglycemia. The cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of hyperglycemia induced status epilepticus (SE) and/or epileptic seizures have been described; however, their significance and underlying mechanisms have not been understood clearly. Although there is a consensus about the acute treatment of status epilepticus, insufficient information is available about the acute symptomatic SE treatment. Here we described the clinical and the radiological findings of a patient with NKH who was diagnosed with nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the light of the literature

Amnestic syndrome due to bilateral isolated sequential hippocampal infarctions: A case presentation

Transient global amnesia, acute ischemic stroke, seizures and status epilepticus, limbic encephalitis and various types of encephalopathies are included in differential diagnosis of acute-onset amnestic syndrome. Isolated hippocampal infarction is a rare cause of acute-onset amnestic syndrome. In this case presentation, we report a patient who developed permanent and severe cognitive impairment after acute-onset amnestic syndrome due to bilateral isolated hippocampal infarctions occurring nine months apart and a review of the pertaining literature is presented

Status Epilepticus and Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Presentation and Literature Review

Purpose. To search the literature for the frequency, pathogenesis, prognosis, and treatment of seizures and status epilepticus (SE) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods. We report 2 patients with MS who presented with SE and review the literature. Results. Seizures and SE episodes worsened during MS relapses in the first patient. SE episodes and MS relapses significantly decreased after initiation of natalizumab treatment but she still had seizures and was taking 4 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The second patient had super refractory SE and was treated with AEDs and coma induction; SE was controlled in 1 week. Antibodies against glycine receptors were reported in her serum after her death. Conclusion. SE has been reported to remain refractory to conventional AEDs, and improve with treatment of MS relapse. Seizures often occur during MS relapses, and might be the presenting symptom of MS or the only symptom of a relapse. Patients with MS and epilepsy have been reported to have more severe MS disease courses. Seizures are refractory to treatment in patients with MS with chronic epilepsy; however, prognosis is quite good in patients experiencing provoked seizures during an MS relapse. Since some EEG findings may have prognostic value, their evaluation is invaluable for the determination of outcome. No treatment guidelines have been specified for patients with MS and SE. However, treatment with AEDs, ideally new-generation AEDs, and an MS treatment review with a new protocol will ensure a fast response to the improvement of SE

Piribedil-induced Reversible Pisa Syndrome in a Patient with Lewy Body Dementia

Pisa syndrome (PS) has been described for the first time as a side effect of neuroleptic treatment in patients with schizophrenia. After its first description, PS was reported in patients on dopamine receptor antagonists, cholinesterase inhibitors, and antidepressants. PS was also associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia of Lewy bodies (DLB). Dopaminergic treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) may also lead to PS in PD patients. Here, we report a patient with probable DLB who developed PS after the initiation of piribedil treatment. After cessation of piribedil, PS disappeared entirely. We want to highlight that PS related to dopaminergic treatment may be reversible, and like other dopamine agonists, piribedil has the potential to cause PS in patients with parkinsonism

Skull Base Osteomyelitis Presenting with Facial Paralysis, Low Cranial Nerve Palsies and Bilateral Carotid Involvement: A Case Report

Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) typically presents with severe otalgia and unilateral otorrhea in immune-compromised, particularly in elderly diabetic patients. Skull base osteomyelitis usually presents with external otitis but it can also occur as a complication of acute otitis media and mastoiditis. Complications of SBO are venous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, abscess, cranial neuropathies and carotid invasion with or without ischemic stroke. Here we report a case with SBO presenting with facial paralysis, lower cranial nerve palsies and bilateral carotid involvement which occurred following sore throat and bilateral otalgia

Intravenous levetiracetam treatment in status epilepticus: A prospective study

Objective: To assess the efficacy of intravenous (IV) levetiracetam (LEV) in the treatment of status epilepticus (SE) and treatment outcomes

Association of Demyelinating and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Case Series and Overview of the Literature

Neurological complications of inflammatory bowel diseases (i.e., ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease) can be summarized as a combination of neuromuscular manifestations, cerebrovascular and demyelinating diseases that can be seen in approximately 3% of patients. In addition, asymptomatic cerebral white matter lesions may be detected in these patients. Clustering of diseases within families may be explained by the exposure to similar environmental factors, shared genes, or complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Here we report an epileptic patient with Crohn’s disease and cerebral white matter lesions, a family with ulcerative colitis and multiple sclerosis and two patients who have both multiple sclerosis and Crohn’s disease

Association of Demyelinating and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Case Series and Overview of the Literature

Neurological complications of inflammatory bowel diseases (i.e., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) can be summarized as a combination of neuromuscular manifestations, cerebrovascular and demyelinating diseases that can be seen in approximately 3% of patients. In addition, asymptomatic cerebral white matter lesions may be detected in these patients. Clustering of diseases within families may be explained by the exposure to similar environmental factors, shared genes, or complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Here we report an epileptic patient with Crohn's disease and cerebral white matter lesions, a family with ulcerative colitis and multiple sclerosis and two patients who have both multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease