23 research outputs found
The Origin of Glucocorticoid Hormone Oscillations
Characterization of a peripheral hormonal system identifies the origin and mechanisms of regulation of glucocorticoid hormone oscillations in rats
A comparison of blindpulling and blindwalking as measures of perceived absolute distance
Relationship between bone mass, invasive breast cancer incidence and raloxifene therapy in postmenopausal women with low bone mass or osteoporosis
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between bone mass and risk of breast cancer and to determine the effect of raloxifene therapy on breast cancer incidence in women categorized by bone mass into low bone mass and osteoÂporosis subgroups. Design: In this post hoc analysis, data were analyzed from the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) trial, enrolling postmenopausal women with low bone mass (N = 7705), and the Continuing Outcomes Relevant to Evista (CORE) trial, a follow-up to MORE enrolling 4011 MORE participants. Total follow-up was for up to 8 years. Women with a total hip bone mineral density (BMD) T-score  –2.5 or T-score ≤ –2.5 (referent, NHANES III database) were classified as having low bone mass or osteoporosis, respectively. Women with a pre-existing vertebral fracture were considered as having osteoporosis irrespective of BMD T-score. Analyses were performed for invasive breast cancers and invasive estrogen-receptor (ER) positive breast cancers. Results: Women with low bone mass (N = 3829) had a twofold higher incidence of invasive ER-positive breast cancer than those with osteoporosis (N = 3836) (HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.12–4.03). The incidence of all invasive breast cancers did not differ significantly between the bone mass groups. The incidences of invasive and invasive ER-positive breast cancers were 65–78% lower in women assigned raloxifene versus placebo in both the low bone mass and osteoporosis groups ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this post hoc analysis of postmenoÂpausal women participating in MORE and CORE, bone mass was a predictor of invasive ER-positive breast cancer. Raloxifene treatment reduced the risk of invasive and invasive ER-positive breast cancers in women with low bone mass and those with osteoporosis. Since participants were older postmenopausal women with low bone mass, whether these findings can be generalized to other postmenopausal women is unclear
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Effect of raloxifene on the incidence of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis categorized by breast cancer risk
To assess the effect of raloxifene, indicated for osteoporosis treatment and prevention, on invasive breast cancer in subgroups of postmenopausal women defined by risk factors for breast cancer.
Data from the 4-year Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) trial (N=7,705) and a follow-up study, the 4-year Continuing Outcomes Relevant to Evista (CORE) trial (N=4,011), were analyzed. Prespecified subgroups were defined by age (>or=65 versusor=49 versusor=25 versus10 versusor=1.67 versus<1.67%), at CORE baseline. Time-to-first invasive breast cancer was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.
In the placebo group, older age, higher estradiol level, and a family history of breast cancer were associated with an increased breast cancer risk (P<0.05). Raloxifene therapy was associated with a reduced breast cancer risk in both women at lower and those at higher breast cancer risk. Hazard ratio point estimates were 0.11 to 0.67, corresponding to a 33% to 89% reduction in breast cancer risk with raloxifene versus placebo. The therapy by family history interaction was significant (P=0.04).
Raloxifene therapy was associated with a reduced risk of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women irrespective of the presence/absence of risk factors; its effect was greater in women with a family history of breast cancer