PARENTS\u27 SATISFACTION OF HEALTH CARE OF CHILDREN IN THE HOSPITAL POŽEGA

Uvod: Zadovoljstvo pacijenata je procjena primljene zdravstvene skrbi te se kao takve koriste za un-apređenje zdravstvene skrbi. Zadovoljstvo uslugom više se mjeri kroz kvalitetnu komunikaciju, razumi-jevanje, suosjećanje i povjerenje pružatelja skrbi nego na sam tehnički aspekt liječenja. Ciljevi: Ispitati postoje li razlike u procjeni zadovoljstva roditelja s obzirom na odjel na kojem je dijete hospitalizirano, s obzirom na spol, dob i obrazovanje roditelja, na dob djeteta i vrstu bolesti tijekom hospitalizacije (akutna, kronična), ispitati zadovoljstvo roditelja zdravstvenom skrbi djece s različitih aspekata (dostupnost informacija, stav osoblja prema djeci i roditeljima, sposobnost, znanja i vještine zdravstvenih djelatnika, radni uvjeti, stav prema radnim obavezama). Ispitanici i metode: U ovom istraživanju ispitan je 151 roditelj čija su djeca boravila na odjelu pedi-jatrije, odjelu infektologije, ORL odjelu i odjelu kirurgije u OŽB Požega. Korišten je anonimni upitnik sastavljen za potrebe ovog rada. Rezultati: Značajno veća proporcija ispitanika potpuno se slaže s tvrdnjom kako su se osjećali do-brodošlo na odjelu, smatraju kako je osoblje pazilo da njihovom djetetu bude ugodno, te kako im je osoblje ponudilo podršku i razumijevanje kad je bilo potrebe. Ispitanici čija su djeca hospitalizirana na Odjelu infektologije imaju negativniji stav o tome da postoji pozitivna radna atmosfera od svih drugih odjela na kojima su hospitalizirana djeca (p=0,022), ispitanici čija su djeca hospitalizirana na odjelu pedijatrije imaju negativniji stav o tome da je osoblje pod stresom od onih na odjelu kirurgije (p=0,015), te ispitanici čija su djeca hospitalizirana na odjelu pedijatrije imaju negativniji stav o tome da osoblje preopterećeno obavezama od onih na odjelu kirurgije (p=0,029). Osobe ženskog spola imaju negativnije mišljenje o tome da su dobili adekvatne informacije o vremenu posjeta (p=0,049), kao i slabije povjerenje u znanje i sposobnost osoblja (p=0,030). Roditelji novorođenčadi imaju negativnije mišljenje o tome da je osoblje pazilo da njihovom djetetu bude ugodno od ispitanika čija su djeca u školskoj dobi (p=0,033). Zaključak: Uočavanje prioriteta roditelja hospitalizirane djece u zadovoljstvu sa zdravstvenom skrbi može nam biti važan instrument za poboljšanje kvalitete zdravstvene skrbi.Introduction: Patient satisfaction is an assessment of health care received and is used as such to ad-vance health care. Service satisfaction is measured more through quality communication, understand-ing, compassion and trust of the care provider than the technical aspect of treatment itself. Objectives: To examine whether there are differences in assessment of parents\u27 satisfaction when it comes to type of hospital ward, parents\u27 sex, age and education, child\u27s age and type of illness while being hospitalized (acute or chronic); to examine parents\u27 satisfaction with the quality of children\u27s health care by applying different points of view (information availability, staff attitude towards chil-dren and their parents as well as abilities, knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals, working conditions, attitude towards work obligations). Participants and methods: The participants in this study were 151 parents whose children were hospi-talized in either the paediatric ward, infectious diseases ward, ORL ward or surgery ward in the Coun-ty General Hospital (OŽB) in Požega. This study was carried out in the period from March to July 2019. A questionnaire that ensures anonymity was designed for the purposes of this paper. Results: The results of this study carried out on the above mentioned number of participants point out that parents\u27 satisfaction with children\u27s health care in the County General Hospital (OŽB) Požega is in most cases satisfactory. The answers have shown, however, some statistically significant differences in cases of parents whose children were hospitalized in the infectious diseases ward, that is, somewhat negative attitude towards positive working atmosphere of the ward in question. Furthermore, results based on sex show that mothers have somewhat negative opinion on information given about visiting hours and slightly lower confidence in knowledge and abilities of staff. Parents of infants reported some degree of dissatisfaction because were not given the option of caring and assisting in different health care settings of their child. Finally, parents of children suffering from acute illnesses were often more dissatisfied with the level of health care quality than parents of children suffering from chronic illnesses. Conclusion: Patient and family experience are important indicators of quality of health care. For that reason, a deeper insight into priorities of parents of hospitalized children can be an important instru-ment of influencing perceptions of the effectiveness and quality of communication with healthcare professionals

Izobraževalni program »UŽU Izzivi podeželja« v luči socialnega kapitala

In the article the author discusses the connection between informal adult education and the development of social capital in a local environment. She proceeds to analyse how the adult education programme “Training for Success in Life – Challenges of Rural Areas” contributes to the development of social capital in some rural areas. For this pur- pose she defines the key terms: rural area and social capital, and presents the adult education programme “Training for Life Success – Challenges of Rural Areas”. The empirical part is based on a qualitative analysis. The programme “Challenges of Rural Areas (CRA)” was used as a basis for a comparative analysis of two groups, the participants of the CRA programme and a group consisting of people who did not participate. The analysis revealed certain differences with regard to specific elements of social capital. The greatest difference was observed in connection with social networks and the norms of reciprocity.Avtorica v prispevku preučuje povezave med neformalnim izobraževanjem odraslih in razvojem socialnega kapitala v lokalnem okolju. Ugotavlja, kako izobraževalni program za odrasle UŽU Izzivi podeželja prispeva k ustvarjanju soci- alnega kapitala na podeželju. V ta namen najprej opredeli osnovno terminologijo: definira podeželje, socialni kapital in predstavi izobraževalni program UŽU Izzivi podeželja. Empirični del temelji na kvalitativni analizi. Na primeru neformalnega izobraževalnega programa za odrasle UŽU Izzivi podeželja je bila izvedena primerjalna analiza med skupino oseb, ki niso bile vključene v program UŽU Izzivi po- deželja, in udeleženci programa. Pokazalo se je, da obstajajo nekatere razlike glede posameznih elementov socialnega kapitala. Največje razlike se kažejo v socialnih omrežjih in normah recipročnosti

[Citologija mediastinalnih tumorjev]

Our experience with cytological examinations of tumorous mediastinal lesions is evaluated. A group of 117 patients with mediastinal tumor have been included into the study. Among them carcinomas prevailed (60,7%), followed by lymphomas (18,8%), other tumors (15.4%) and thymic neoplasms (5.1%). Malignantor suspicious cells were found in 77.4% of patients with carcinoma. The cells indicating a possibility of non-Hodgkin\u27s lymphoma were found in 9 out of 14 patients. In 5 out of 6 thymic neoplasms the cytological pattern wasconsistent with the diagnosis of thymic neoplasm. One case of thymoma was cytologically falsely diagnosed as malignant lymphoma. One case of neurofibroma was falsely diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. The sensitivity of cytological examinations was 67.5%. If 18 patients with diagnostically unsatisfactory material were excluded from the analysis, the sensitivity wouldincrease to 80.8%. Owing to the wide variety of primary and metastatic tumors that can occur in the mediastinum, apart from the routine cytological techniques, additional staining methods should be used. For final cytological diagnosis the integration of cytological findings with clinical and radiological data is often required. Owing to the characteristics of the obtained material and biological behaviour of some mediastinal tumors, some tumors cannot be definitively diagnosed by cytological examinations alone.Avtorji predstavijo izkušnje Kliničnega oddelka za pljučne bolezni in alergična stanja Golnik s citološkimi pregledi mediastinalnih tumorjev. V retrospektivno študijo je bilo vključenih 117 bolnikov z mediastinalnim tumorjem. Najpogostejši so bili karcinomi (60,7%0, sledijo limfomi (18,8%), drugi tumorji (15,4%), in timične neoplazme (5,1%). Maligne ali sunljive celice so našli pri 77,4% bolnikov s karcinomom. Celice, ki so dopuščale možnost ne-Hodgkinovega limfoma, so našli pri 9 od 14 bolnikov. Pri 5 od 6 primerov timičnih neplazem je bila citološka slika skladna z diagnozo timične neoplazme. En primer timoma je bil citološko napačno opredeljen kot maligni limfom, en primer neurofibroma pa je bil napačno opredeljen kot adenokarcinom.Senzitivnost citoloških pregledov je bila 67,5%. Če bi 18 bolnikov, pri katerih dobljeni material ni bil ustrezen, izključili iz analize, bi senzitivnost zrasla na 80,8%. Ker so primarni in metastatski tumorji, ki se pojavljajo v mediastinumu zelo raznoliki, so za njihovo opredelitev poleg rutinskih citoloških tehnik potrebne tudi dodatne metode barvanja. Za končno citološko diagnozo je nujno poznati tudi klinične podatke in podatke slikovnih diagnostičnih metod. Glede na značilnosti dobljenjega materiala in biološko obnašanje nekaterih mediastinalnih tumorjev vseh ni možno definitivno opredeliti na osnovi citološkega pregleda

A tarnished model of “one country with two systems” in Hong Kong and implications for Taiwan

Kitajske oblasti so pred več desetletji za združitev Tajvana s celino oblikovale model poznan kot »ena država z dvema sistemoma«, kjer naj bi Tajvan znotraj te ene velike Kitajske imel status posebnega administrativnega območja z visoko stopnjo avtonomije, s svojo izvršno, zakonodajno in sodno oblastjo ter s svojo vojsko. Poskusno so ta model sprva vpeljali v Hongkongu, vendar se je izkazalo, da je prvotno obljubljena avtonomnost veljala le na papirju, saj je model, ki naj bi od implementacije leta 1997 veljal nadaljnjih 50 let, danes opazen le še v zelo skrhani obliki. O tem pričajo množični protesti, ki so se leta 2019 začeli v Hongkongu in dosegli vse svetovne medije. Zahteve protestnikov po večji samostojnosti, demokraciji in držanju prvotnih obljub LRK so pripeljali do večjega zanimanja o položaju Hongkonga in politiki, ki jo LRK izvaja v posebnem administrativnem območju. Prav zato je v diplomski nalogi podrobno predstavljen model »ene države z dvema sistemoma«, njegovo zgodovinsko ozadje in njegova implementacija v Hongkongu, kjer je močno razvidno neskladje prvotnih obljub z dejanskim stanjem. Vlada v Pekingu že desetletja želi ta zastareli model vpeljati tudi na Tajvan, vendar pa ji to zaradi nesoglasja tajvanske vlade še ni uspelo. Tajvanske oblasti se namreč zavedajo, da bi bil Tajvan s tem modelom »avtonomnosti« popolnoma podrejen vladi v Pekingu, ki se smatra za edino legitimno kitajsko vlado. V nalogi so zato predstavljene tudi implikacije, ki jih je dogajanje v Hongkongu v zadnjih letih imelo za Tajvan.A few decades ago, the Chinese authorities coined the »one country, two systems« term to signify a system where Taiwan would be united with Mainland China by being granted a status of a special administrative region with a high level of autonomy, its own legislative, executive and judicial power and its own army. This model was first introduced in Hong Kong, although, as it later turned out, the promised autonomy only existed on paper, since the model which was implemented in 1997 and was supposed to be valid for the next 50 years, today only exists in a much-diminished form. One of the strongest indicators of that is the mass protests that started in Hong Kong in 2019 and reached even the worldwide media. The protestors\u27 demands for bigger autonomy, democracy, and the PRC government\u27s abidance of the promises that were made when the model was first implemented, led to more interest in the political position of Hong Kong and the political model that PRC has implemented in the special administrative region. The PRC government in Beijing has been trying to implement this obsolete model in Taiwan as well, but without much success due to Taiwan\u27s government\u27s disagreement. Taiwanese authorities are aware that with the implementation of this »autonomous« model, Taiwan would still be a subject to the government in Beijing, which is deemed the only legitimate Chinese government. In this thesis, I shall therefore first describe the »one country, two systems« model, its historical background and its implementation in Hong Kong, where the discrepancy between the initial promises and the actual state of affairs is the most visible, and lastly discuss the implications which recent events that happened in Hong Kong had for Taiwan