New Product Management -9/E.

This book provides the management approach, with the perspective of marketing. People who have used the first eight editions of this book know its unique view points on the subject. But for newcomers, and of course all student are newcomers, here are some them : 1. Product innovation is one single operation in an organization. 2. The field is still new enough that it lacks a systematic language. 3. Ideas learned without application are only temporary residents in your mind 4. As much as we would like them and have diligently tried to find them we believe there is no standard set of procedures for product innovators, nor particular sets for makers of consumer packaged goods, or of consumer durables, industrial goods, service, and so on. 5. Next, there is the hallo effect, whicj is the problem in the field of new products. 6. An example of this lies in rejection of the belief that new product strategy should rest on the best of either technology or market. 7. We believe that students should be challenged to think abaout concepts they have been introduced to. 8. Last, we have tried to implement more clearly the view that two things are being developed-the product and the marketing

Incidence of Ovine Progressive Pneumonia in the North Dakota State University Sheep Flocks, Determined by Agar-gel Immunodiffusion

In 1968, the causative agent of OPP, ovine progressive pneumonia virus (PPV) or Lunger's Disease was first isolated in the United States. A serological test, agar-gel imuno-diffusion (AGID) was applied for the detection of precipitating antibodies aginst PPV in sheep sera (colostrum-whey) against PPV is indicative of infection. But, antibodies are evidently play no part in fighting infection. By the time taht antibodies are produced, the virus is residing intracellularly and is unattainable to antibodies. The article gives a description of the symptoms and effects of the disease. The objective of this study was to characterize the extent of OPP in a naturally infected sheep flock by AGID, to determine whether differences in age or breed of the sheep influences the susceptibility to OPP and to attempt to establish an OPP-free from an infected source flock. The incidence of ovine progressive pneumonia by breed and age in a naturally infected flock was determined. An ovine progressive pneumonia free flock was established five years prior

The impact of universal newborn hearing screening on long-term literacy outcomes: a prospective cohort study

Objective: To determine whether the benefits of universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) seen at age 8?years persist through the second decade.Design: Prospective cohort study of a population sample of children with permanent childhood hearing impairment (PCHI) followed up for 17?years since birth in periods with (or without) UNHS.Setting: Birth cohort of 100?000 in southern England.Participants: 114 teenagers aged 13-19?years, 76 with PCHI and 38 with normal hearing. All had previously their reading assessed aged 6-10?years.Interventions: Birth in periods with and without UNHS; confirmation of PCHI before and after age 9?months.Main outcome measure: Reading comprehension ability. Regression modelling took account of severity of hearing loss, non-verbal ability, maternal education and main language.Results: Confirmation of PCHI by age 9?months was associated with significantly higher mean z-scores for reading comprehension (adjusted mean difference 1.17, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.97) although birth during periods with UNHS was not (adjusted mean difference 0.15, 95% CI -0.75 to 1.06). The gap between the reading comprehension z-scores of teenagers with early compared with late confirmed PCHI had widened at an adjusted mean rate of 0.06 per year (95% CI -0.02 to 0.13) during the 9.2-year mean interval since the previous assessment.Conclusions: The benefit to reading comprehension of confirmation of PCHI by age 9?months increases during the teenage years. This strengthens the case for UNHS programmes that lead to early confirmation of permanent hearing loss

Geometrical CP violation in multi-Higgs models

We introduce several methods to obtain calculable phases with geometrical values that are independent of arbitrary parameters in the scalar potential. These phases depend on the number of scalars and on the order of the discrete non-Abelian group considered. Using these methods we present new geometrical CP violation candidates with vacuum expectation values that must violate CP (the transformation that would make them CP conserving is not a symmetry of the potential). We also extend to non-renormalisable potentials the proof that more than two scalars are needed to obtain these geometrical CP violation candidates.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures. v2: table added, accepted by JHE

Solid acids as fuel cell electrolytes

Fuel cells are attractive alternatives to combustion engines for electrical power generation because of their very high efficiencies and low pollution levels. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are generally considered to be the most viable approach for mobile applications. However, these membranes require humid operating conditions, which limit the temperature of operation to less than 100°C; they are also permeable to methanol and hydrogen, which lowers fuel efficiency. Solid, inorganic, acid compounds (or simply, solid acids) such as CsHSO_4 and Rb_3H(SeO_4)_2 have been widely studied because of their high proton conductivities and phase-transition behaviour. For fuel-cell applications they offer the advantages of anhydrous proton transport and high-temperature stability (up to 250°C). Until now, however, solid acids have not been considered viable fuel-cell electrolyte alternatives owing to their solubility in water and extreme ductility at raised temperatures (above approximately 125°C). Here we show that a cell made of a CsHSO_4 electrolyte membrane (about 1.5 mm thick) operating at 150–160°C in a H_2/O_2 configuration exhibits promising electrochemical performances: open circuit voltages of 1.11 V and current densities of 44 mA cm^-2 at short circuit. Moreover, the solid-acid properties were not affected by exposure to humid atmospheres. Although these initial results show promise for applications, the use of solid acids in fuel cells will require the development of fabrication techniques to reduce electrolyte thickness, and an assessment of possible sulphur reduction following prolonged exposure to hydrogen

A Centre-Stable Manifold for the Focussing Cubic NLS in R1+3R^{1+3}

Consider the focussing cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation in $R^3$: $$i\psi_t+\Delta\psi = -|\psi|^2 \psi.$$ It admits special solutions of the form $e^{it\alpha}\phi$, where $\phi$ is a Schwartz function and a positive ($\phi>0$) solution of $$-\Delta \phi + \alpha\phi = \phi^3.$$ The space of all such solutions, together with those obtained from them by rescaling and applying phase and Galilean coordinate changes, called standing waves, is the eight-dimensional manifold that consists of functions of the form $e^{i(v \cdot + \Gamma)} \phi(\cdot - y, \alpha)$. We prove that any solution starting sufficiently close to a standing wave in the $\Sigma = W^{1, 2}(R^3) \cap |x|^{-1}L^2(R^3)$ norm and situated on a certain codimension-one local Lipschitz manifold exists globally in time and converges to a point on the manifold of standing waves. Furthermore, we show that \mc N is invariant under the Hamiltonian flow, locally in time, and is a centre-stable manifold in the sense of Bates, Jones. The proof is based on the modulation method introduced by Soffer and Weinstein for the $L^2$-subcritical case and adapted by Schlag to the $L^2$-supercritical case. An important part of the proof is the Keel-Tao endpoint Strichartz estimate in $R^3$ for the nonselfadjoint Schr\"odinger operator obtained by linearizing around a standing wave solution.Comment: 56 page

On the 2d Zakharov system with L^2 Schr\"odinger data

We prove local in time well-posedness for the Zakharov system in two space dimensions with large initial data in L^2 x H^{-1/2} x H^{-3/2}. This is the space of optimal regularity in the sense that the data-to-solution map fails to be smooth at the origin for any rougher pair of spaces in the L^2-based Sobolev scale. Moreover, it is a natural space for the Cauchy problem in view of the subsonic limit equation, namely the focusing cubic nonlinear Schroedinger equation. The existence time we obtain depends only upon the corresponding norms of the initial data - a result which is false for the cubic nonlinear Schroedinger equation in dimension two - and it is optimal because Glangetas-Merle's solutions blow up at that time.Comment: 30 pages, 2 figures. Minor revision. Title has been change

Evaluation of the Community Structure Leafminer Fly, Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and Their Parasitoids on Various Host Plant Families in Bali Province

Leaf miners, Liriomyza spp., have developed as a severe pest in recent years, reducing the production of several ornamental and crops in Indonesia. As a result, monitoring and control mechanisms have been proposed. This research aimed to investigate community structure and identify Liriomyza spp., which impacts crops and natural parasitoids in Bali Province. Leaf samples of vegetables, ornamental plants, and related species were collected in all regencies/cities of Bali Province in 2019 and 2020 and preserved in the laboratory for observation and counting of leaf miners and related parasitoids. The findings revealed that four Liriomyza spp. were detected in host plants, namely Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae), Liriomyza huidobrensis Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae), Liriomyza chinensis Kato (Diptera: Agromyzidae), and Liriomyza trifolii Burgess (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Asteraceae species were the most common host plants attacked by leaf miners in the field. The same occurrence was discovered at both heights (high and lowlands). The dry season is the most crucial component in the abundance of Liriomyza spp. In addition, parasitoids of the type Opius cromatomiyae Belokobylskij and Wharton (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Hemiptarsenun varicornis Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were identified in abundance in Asteraceae plants. Similarly, the parasitization rate of the two parasitoids was found to be high in plants of the Asteraceae and Brassicae families. This approach highlights the decision-making process for controlling Liriomyza spp. on diverse host plant families by developing ecologically beneficial and sustainable parasitoids