Physiological response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under salinity conditions

Objective: The effect of salinity by NaCl based on physiological variables of chickpea plants was evaluated with the use of native strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus cubensis and Rizoglomus irregulare during the pre-flowering phenophase. Design/methodology/approach: The research was carried out under controlled environmental conditions, using as an experimental model the chickpea variety N-29, obtained at INIFAT, Cuba. The treatments consist of the combination of three salinity levels: 25, 50 and 75 mM of NaCl and the respective control (Source of variation A) and two strains of AMFs (source of variation B) for a total of 12 treatments with six repetitions. Treatments were distributed under a completely randomized experimental design. The variables evaluated were: number of green and dry leaves, biomass by organs (leaves, stem, root), net assimilation rate (TAN), relative growth rate (TCR) and leaf area ratio (RAF). Results: Green leaves, TAN and leaf and root biomass were the variables with the highest response in the 50 mM NaCl + R. irregulare treatment, with an average increase of 15% compared to the rest of the treatments. Limitations on study/implications: There is a decrease in the variables evaluated due to the salinity effect, however, chickpea plants subjected to 50 mM NaCl inoculated with R. irregulare were less affected by saline stress. Findings/conclusions: It was also found that the R. irregulare strain contributed more than G. cubense to mitigating the adverse effects of the salinity factor.Objective. Evaluate the effect of salinity due to NaCl on physiological variables of chickpea plants using native strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus cubensis and Rhizoglomus irregulare during the pre-flowering stage. Design/methodology/approach. The research was carried out under controlled weather conditions using the chickpea variety N-29 as an experimental model. The treatments consisted on the combination of four salinity levels: 0, 25, 50 and 75 mM NaCl (variation source A) and AMF (variation source B) in three levels. In total there were 12 treatments with six repetitions, which were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design. The evaluated variables were number of green and dry leaves, dry biomass per organ (leaves, root and stem), net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR) and leaf area ratio (LAR). Results. The green leaves, the NAR and the dry biomass from roots and leaves, were the variables with the greatest response in the 50 mM NaCl + R. irregulare treatment, with an average increase of 15% with respect to the rest of the treatments. Limitations/implications. A decrease on the evaluated variables was observed due to the salinity effect; however, chickpea plants subjected to NaCl 50 mM inoculated with R. irregulare were less affected by salt stress. Findings/conclusions. The R. irregulare strain was found to contribute more than the G. cubensis to the mitigation of the adverse effects from the salinity factor

Effectiveness of FitoMas-E in the cultivation of chickpea under two soil moisture levels

To evaluate the effect of FitoMas-E on the performance of the chickpea, in conditions of drought stress, was the objective of this investigation. An experiment was conducted in the Intensive Garden “Río de Guisa” in the municipality of Guisa during the period from November to February 2014. Four treatments were applied, distributed in a randomized block design with three repetitions, on a “Pardo mullido grisaceo” soil, comparing the application of FitoMas-E under two soil moisture regimes, with and without water stress. The yield of grain and its components were evaluated at the time of harvest maturity, to analyze the responses of these variables to the treatments applied. An analysis of variance was performed using the statistical package STASTISTICA version 8.0 for Windows and the means of the treatments were compared using the Tukey Multiple Range test. The variables that showed a greater response to the treatments imposed were the number of legumes per plant, number of seeds per plant, the mass of 100 seeds and the yield of grain, which ranged between 0.9 and 0.93 t ha-1 for the treatments 2 and 4 respectively. The results obtained in this research showed that the chickpea crop achieved the best productive indicators when the plants were under water stress conditions and received the application of FitoMas-E

Effectiveness of FitoMas-E in the cultivation of chickpea under two soil moisture levels

To evaluate the effect of FitoMas-E on the performance of the chickpea, in conditions of drought stress, was the objective of this investigation. An experiment was conducted in the Intensive Garden "Río de Guisa" in the municipality of Guisa during the period from November to February 2014. Four treatments were applied, distributed in a randomized block design with three repetitions, on a "Pardo mullido grisaceo" soil, comparing the application of FitoMas-E under two soil moisture regimes, with and without water stress. The yield of grain and its components were evaluated at the time of harvest maturity, to analyze the responses of these variables to the treatments applied. An analysis of variance was performed using the statistical package STASTISTICA version 8.0 for Windows and the means of the treatments were compared using the Tukey Multiple Range test. The variables that showed a greater response to the treatments imposed were the number of legumes per plant, number of seeds per plant, the mass of 100 seeds and the yield of grain, which ranged between 0.9 and 0.93 t ha-1 for the treatments 2 and 4 respectively. The results obtained in this research showed that the chickpea crop achieved the best productive indicators when the plants were under water stress conditions and received the application of FitoMas-E

Agronomic response of cultivars of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under different soil moisture conditions in province Granma

To objective of evaluate the response of two cultivars of chickpea (Nac-29 and Nac-5 HA) under different soil moisture conditions, field research was carried out in productive teaching plot of the University of Granma. Sowing was carried out on November 22, 2014. Two treatments were used: T1 (Control) and T2 (varieties of chickpea in water stress) with three replicates, distributed in a randomized block design with split plot arrangements (The large plots corresponded to the two moisture conditions and the small plots to varieties). The variables were: length and diameter of pods, number of grains per plant, number of grains per pods, weight of 100 seeds and agricultural yield. The results obtained were statistically processed using the STATISTICA version 8.0 for Windows program and in case of significant differences, a variance analysis was performed using the Tukey Multiple Range test. The results showed that, with the cultivation of the chickpea, better results are obtained when the plants are subjected to water stress conditions

Effect on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) of different doses of organic fertilizer bocashi under agroecological conditions

The research work was carried out in areas of the Agricultural Production Cooperative "Carlos Bastida Argüello" in Cauto Cristo municipality of Cuban province of Granma in the period between November 2013 and February 2014, on a fluvisol soil at a plantation distance of 0.90 x 0.30 m, in order to evaluate the effect of different doses of organic manure bocashi on the productive response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) variety "Vyta". The treatments consisted of the application of three doses of manure "bocashi" and a control without application. A randomized complete block design with three repetitions was used and the evaluated variables were: the yield and its components (number of bunches per plant, number of fruits per plant, mass of fruits per plant, polar and equatorial diameter of the fruit and mesocarp thickness). The data obtained were submitted to a variance analysis of double classification with the use of SPSS version 22. In case of significant differences between treatments a Tukey test was performed for comparison of means. The results showed that treatment with application of organic manure had a positive influence on the yield and majority of yield components values. The yields values were higher in the three doses of organic manure than in the control treatment and yield increased with the increase of dosage of organic manure

Response agronomic of the pepper crops ( Capsicum annuum L.) under drought conditions with Biobrás-Plus application

This research was done in two towns of Granma in order to evaluate the agronomic response of pepper cultivars, “Spanish” variety, under drought stress conditions and with the application brassinosteroids (Biobrás - Plus). In the town of Jiguaní the research was done at Las Marianas market garden, and in the town of Guisa the research was done at Río de Guisa market garden. The biostimulant was applied to foliage 15 days after being planted and at bloom initiation, early in the morning. The growth rate was evaluated every 10 days, and at harvest the yield and their components were evaluated. In order to assess the response of the variables, an analysis of the main components was carried out. Among the variables that had a better response to the treatments were: the total number of the fruits per plant, polar and equatorial diameter of fruits and average weight, average mesocarp thickness and the yield of the cultivar. The results showed that the biostimulant utilized had a high anti stress effect, the best results were achieved when applied to plants that were under drought stress conditions

Variation of the internal quality of the pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.) under drought condition whit Biobrás-Plus applications

With the objective to evaluate the variations of the internal quality of the peppers fruits, “Español” variety, cultivated under humidity condition and with the bioestimulant application (Biobrás - Plus), were carried out experiments in two locations of the Granma county during the year 2009. The bioestimulant was foliagelike applied early in the mornig after fifteen days of being planted and at the beginning of the flowering period. The utilized treatments were distributed at random in a design of blocks with four repetitions. In the second and third harvest were took samples of 10 mature fruits for treatment and repetitions and were sent to the provincial laboratory of soil of Granma to the analysis bromatologic according to the established techniques. An analysis of main components to prove the variations of the attributes of internal quality of the fruits was carried out, using the statistical package STASTISTICA 6.1 for Windows. The results obtained demonstrated that this biostimulant had stimulative effect when were achieved fruits with better quality when the plants were subjected to drought stress conditions, promoting increments in the dry matter, total soluble solids, vitamin C, potassium and calcium independently of the localities

Yield response of soy bean cultivars (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) to the application of different doses of biofertilizer FitoMás–E

This research was done under field conditions, from December 2012 through February 2013. The objective was to evaluate the yield response of soy bean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill), variety “INCASOY-24”, to the application of different doses of FitoMás-E, in a randomized block experimental design with 4 treatments: T1 (control), T2 (1 L.ha-1), T3 (1.5 L.ha-1) and T4 (2 L.ha-1), and 4 replications. The bioestimulant was applied to foliage early in the morning from the 10th day after germination. The data were analyzed statistically with Statistica, ver. 8.0 software. When the indicators used showed significant differences, the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was applied to p < 0.05. The results of each evaluated variable showed a significant effect of FitoMás-E on the cultivar. The best results were achieved where the application dose was 1 L.ha-1 (T2)

Genotype-environment interaction and analysis of yield stability in trial with tomato crop in drought condition

The present work was developed in the UBPC “The Coast”, belonging to the Miscellaneous Crops Enterprise of Campechuela municipality, Granma province, during the period from November to March of the year 2010 – 2011. It was carried out in a reddish brown fersialitic soil, according with the new genetic classification of the soils of Cuba MINAGRI, (2000), with the objective of studying and evaluating the influence of different organic fertilizers in the growth, development and yield in the cultivation of onion, variety Texas Early Grain. For this reason it was necessary to work on blocks with 4 treatments and 4 replies. The treatments applied were: treatment 1 (vermicompost), treatment 2 (cow dung), treatment 3 (cachaça) and treatment 4 (control), those were applied in a solid way. The growth variables that were evaluated were number of leaves, height of the plant, equatorial diameter, polar diameter and fresh weight of the bulb. The yield was also evaluated in t.ha -1 per treatment. High yields are achieved with the application of organic fertilizer, among 27 and 30 t.ha -1, this is an alternative for the sustainable production of this product which is highly demanded by the population