Improvement of mixed farming systems in Sudano-Sahelian Africa. Role of the species Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub. A review

Introduction. In Sudano-Sahelian Africa, the traditional farming systems are no longer able to meet the food needs of the population. In order to sustainably improve the food security of small family farms, agro-ecological practices are increasingly being promoted by research and development organizations. Literature. Several studies have shown that agricultural productivity can be sustainably improved through a better integration of agriculture and livestock activities. One approach currently being considered is the integration into farming systems of Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub: a herbaceous annual to short-lived perennial. This plant has the proven potential to enhance the performance of cropping systems in many ways. It also allows for the critical production of a high quality fodder for animal feed, from the second year after planting onwards. However, phytosanitary, technical, environmental and / or socio-economic constraints would need to be lifted to allow a better integration of the crop into farming systems. Conclusions. Integration of S. hamata into the farming systems of the Sudano-Sahelian regions presents potential benefits that merit further investigation, in order to identify the appropriate modalities for this integration. © 2015, FAC UNIV SCIENCES AGRONOMIQUES GEMBLOUX. All rights reserved

Preliminary analysis of the genetic determinism of the resistance to Rotylenculus reniformis in the backcross progeny of [(G.hirsutum x G. thurberi)² x G. longicalyx] hybrid

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Relationship between meiotic behaviour and fertility in backcross-I derivatives of the [(Gossypium hirsutum x G. thurberi)² x G. longicalyx] trispecies hybrid

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Preferential transmission of Gossypium sturtanium chromosome fragments in the progeny of [(G. hirsutum x G. raimondii)2 x G. sturtanium] trispecies hybrid

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Effet du mode de conservation d’huile de Jatropha curcas L. sur son efficacité dans la lutte contre les principaux insectes ravageurs du niébé (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. au Niger

L'huile de Jatropha curcas possède une activité insecticide mise à profit par les agriculteurs nigériens. Dans cette étude, nous avons comparé l'activité insecticide de deux lots d'huile conservés pendant 70 jours, l'un exposé à la lumière et l'autre conservée à l'obscurité. L’effet insecticide a été évalué dans un essai au champ avec trois concentrations (5, 10 et 15%) sur les principaux ravageurs du niébé (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) et au laboratoire sur Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybon (Thysanoptère: Thripidae) à différentes doses d’huile brute (50, 100, 150 et 200 µl). Aucune différence d'effet insecticide n’a été mise en évidence entre les deux modes de conservation de l'huile, tant au laboratoire qu'au champ. Au champ, tel que soit le mode de conservation, les concentrations de 10% d’huile de J. curcas permettent respectivement une réduction de plus de 80% de thrips, pucerons, et punaises. Elles ont aussi permis, une augmentation de rendement en graines de 50% par rapport au témoin. La concentration de 15% donne un effet insecticide comparable à celui du produit de référence (deltaméthrine) mais induit des symptômes de phyto- toxicité sur les feuilles du niébé.Jatropha curcas oil has an insecticidal activity harnessed by the farmers in Niger. In this study, we compared the insecticidal activity of two batches of oil conserved during 70 days, one exposed to light and the other kept in the dark. The insecticidal efficacy was evaluated in a field with three concentrations (5, 10 and 15%) trial on the main pests of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) and in a laboratory test on Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybon (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) with different concentrations of crude oil (50; 100; 150 and 200 µl). No difference in insecticidal effect was found between the two modes of oil conservation, both in the laboratory and in the field. In the field, regardless of the mode of conservation, the concentrations of 10% of J. curcas oil enables a reduction of over than 80% of thrips, aphids, and bugs compared to the control. Its increased seeds yield more than 50%. The concentration of 15% gives an insecticidal effect comparable to that of the reference treatment (deltaméthrine) but induces phytotoxicity symptoms on the leaves of Cowpea.Peer reviewe