Service Delivery Toward Customer’s Satisfaction: Commercial Bank of Michille Branch, Dilla Town, Southern Ethiopia

The Study was conducted in Commercial bank of Ethiopia, Michille branch, Dilla Town.The major aim of the study was to assess the nature of service delivery towards customer’s satisfaction in the selected bank because  Customer satisfaction is essential for the success of service firms like Commercial bank of Ethiopia. The service delivery has become an aspect of customer satisfaction. Day by day it has been proven that service delivery quality is related to customer’s real satisfaction. This study endeavors to discover the impact of service delivery towards customer satisfaction in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Michille Branch, Dilla Town. Five dimensions such as in service quality tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, empathy, and assurance were considered as the base for this study. Structured questionnaire and interview has been used to collect the data survey. The sample size was 100 and the data has been analyzed by using Excel program to include pie-charts, tables, graphs, percentages. The study has a significance in terms of service quality dimensions which is crucial for customer satisfaction in public/Governmental commercial banking sector in Ethiopia in general and in Michille bank in particular. The finding of the study shows that about 85 percent respondents are satisfied with Michille Bank service delivery, so that the respondents confirm that they  will  wait  and see for changes of the  study  bank  (Michille Bank)  rather  than  they  move  to  other  banks. Keywords: Commercial bank of michille; service delivery; customers’ satisfaction; Southern Ethiopia. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/12-15-04 Publication date:August 31st 202

Applications of Geoinformatics Technology in Land Use Land Cover Change Detection using Multi-Temporal Satellite Images: the Case of Mariamdehan tabia, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia

Land use and land cover change has become a central component in current strategies for managing natural resources and monitoring environmental changes. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) are now providing new tools for advanced Natural Resource Management and managing environmental changes. This study examines the use of Geoinformatics tools (GIS, GPS and Remote Sensing) to analyze land use land cover change over 31 years using Multi-temporal satellite images in the Maryamdehan tabia.  Satellite image of the year 1984, 2005 and 2015 were collected from the USGS/glovis/ free satellite data provider website. Image classification was done using Arc Gis 10.2 environment and ground truthing was also taken using GPS tool for supervised image classification. Six main land use land cover classes were identified to see the changes among years. As a result, the total area of the tabia was  3646.49 hectare, from which  in 1984, 40.691% covered by forest area, 26.15% by grass land, 10.81% by farm land, in 2005, 52.41% by settlement, 25.04% by forest area, 11.71% by farm land, and in 2015, 35.14% was covered by forest land, 30.04% by Settlement, 14.74% by Farm land. Regarding soil and water conservation practices Questioner was developed and 90% of the farmers revealed that in 2015 due to the introduction of different soil and water conservation structures soil erosion problem significantly decreased on their farm lands. The main driving forces of the land use land cover changes in this tabia were increasing population number, expansion of agricultural activity, settlement, and plantation practices. Currently 35% of the tabia covers by forest area, so this plays its own role in minimizing soil erosion, soil stability and as option in minimizing climate change impacts through carbon sequestration process. Keywords: Geoinformatics Tools, RS, GIS, Land use land cover change

Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) in Dray Land Area of Central Tigray, Ethiopia

The study was conducted in two drought infected  woredas of central zone of tigray, namly tanqua abergalle and qola tembien in 2015. The over all objective of the appraisal to identify the major couse of the drought and coping up strategies in study area .For this study we taking samples two from each woreda . The kebelle taking sample from tanqou abergelle and qola tembien are agbe, embarfael , dabano,and simret respectively. The study were critically identified  the major couse of the problems with their  solution

Demonstration of Improved Sesame Varieties (Sesamum indicum L.) with Improved Production Technologies on Small Scale Farms at Qola Tebmien and Tanqua Abergelle Destrict, Ethiopia

The demonstration was conducted in low land samre, nebar hanet, S/samre and Dabao, Q/Tembienagbe woreda. S/samre and Q/Tembienagbe woreda is found in the S/east and  central zone of Tigray regional state respectively.Ten interested farmers were selected from two location  in collaboration with extension workers. All demonstration plots was fertilized uniformly with 50 kg Urea and 100 kg Diammonium Phosphate (DAP). Full dose of P was applied at planting time and  half of N was applied at first weeding(7-14) days and the remaining half was side dressed at second weeding(30-35) days. All other cultural practices were applied as per standard recommendations for the crop. During farmers’ field assessment, farmers were evaluating the performance of the technology with researcher by comparing with local practice in terms of  management practices, days to maturity and yield. Accordingly, the average yield of humera-1 was 5.063 qt/ha than setit-1(4qt/ha) and  local 3.5qt/ha. Due to that humera-1 is more interested and accepted by farmers, so  this should be scaled out in to other similar agro-ecology of the area. Keywords: demonstration, improved technology of sesame and yiel

Effects of Integrated Soil Fertility Management on Sustainable Crop Production

Maintenance of soil fertility at the economically optimal level with appropriate   source of fertilizers combination is essential for sustainable crop production. Hence, different soil fertility amendment options have been done with different fertilizers sources. Application of biogas and NP fertilizer rate ware among the amendment practices considered for both sole and inter cropping system. Application of biogas slurry significantly increased mean grain yield of maize. Sole application of biogas slurry at higher rate improved soil structure, maintained and increased the nutrient  reserves of the soil .Grain yield of maize –haricot  been inter cropping system were significantly increased with application of each and integrated use of NP fertilizers and farm yard manure. Integrated application had a significant change in ameliorating soil fertility. Interaction of N-P and FYM fertilizers significantly increased grain yield components of the crops. Higher grain yields of maize and climbing been was obtained from sole cropping compared to inter cropping. Integrated use of N-P and farm yard manure fertilizers was offer sustainable production of maize climbing been inter cropping system. Higher mean grain yield of fababean and field pean were from none rhizobium strain treated compared to the treated one indicating presence effective strains in soils of the area both legumes produces for many years. Keywords: Biogas slurry, NP fertilizer, FYM

Demonstration of Improved Variety of Onion (Bombay Red) with Improved Production Technology at T/Abergelle, Tigray, Ethiopia

The demonstration was conducted at Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre at agbe irrigation scheme in 2015 cropping seasons. It was carried out at farmers’ land with one improved variety (bobay red) Vs local cultivar with uniform management practice were used to compare. The parameter recorded from this action are bulb yield (qt/ha) and maturity date. In this demonstration the highest yield was recoded from the improved variety bombay red (285.7ql/ha) but local with equal management practice gives low yield(228.6ql/ha) and in terms of maturity also bombay red has early  mature (121) days but local takes (135) days to mature. At this movement, farmers were taking knowledge about the variety and improved management practice. Just they saw the performance of these onion varieties in yield production and they understand that they can enhance their income through onion production. Bombay red was the best performing variety rather than local. Therefore, bombay red variety will be recommended to popularized to potential for onion and have the same agro ecology. Keywords: Onion variety, Yield and Maturity Dat

Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach for Tigrigna Word Sense Disambiguation

All human languages have words that can mean different things in different contexts. Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is an open problem of natural language processing, which governs the process of identifying which sense of a word (i.e. meaning) is used in a sentence, when the word has multiple meanings (polysemy). We use unsupervised machine learning techniques to address the problem of automatically deciding the correct sense of an ambiguous word Tigrigna texts based on its surrounding context. And we report experiments on four selected Tigrigna ambiguous words due to lack of sufficient training data; these are መደብ read as “medeb” has three different meaning (Program, Traditional bed and Grouping), ሓለፈ read as “halefe”; has four dissimilar meanings (Pass, Promote, Boss and Pass away), ሃደመ read as “hademe”; has two different meaning (Running and Building house) and, ከበረ read as “kebere”; has two different meaning (Respecting and Expensive).Finally we tested five clustering algorithms (simple k means, hierarchical agglomerative: Single, Average and complete link and Expectation Maximization algorithms) in the existing implementation of Weka 3.8.1 package. “Use training set” evaluation mode was selected to learn the selected algorithms in the preprocessed dataset. We have evaluated the algorithms for the four ambiguous words and achieved the best accuracy within the range of 67 to 83.3 for EM which is encouraging result. Keywords: Attribute- Relation File Format, Cross Validation, Consonant Vowel, Machine Readable Dictionary, Natural Language Processing, System for Ethiopic Representation in ASCII, Word Sense Disambiguatio

Men at work: Grinding stone production by the experts and others in northern Ethiopia

It is necessary to access the oral forms of local histories often held in traditional African communities to help us understand the African past and avoid framing interpretations solely in terms of Western epistemologies. Ethnoarchaeological fieldwork was carried out in villages in the Gulo Makeda region of northeastern Tigrai, northern Ethiopia, where access to mechanical mills has only been available in the last few decades. Individuals in this area still have knowledge and memory of manufacturing, using and discarding grinding stones. Interviews were held with male advisors who shared their knowledge and expertise about the entire process of manufacturing grinding stones. To move beyond understanding just the technical aspects of grinding stone manufacturing (what and how), the theory and methods associated with the chaîne opératoire and design theory were incorporated into the research to allow discovery of intricate socio-economic interrelationships (how and why) that exist through grinding manufacture within this culture. Manufacturing offers opportunities for socialization, cooperation and community engagement. Through ethnoarchaeology it became clear that the manufacturing of grinding stones in northeastern Tigrai is a complex process requiring design decisions, skills, knowledge, and social interaction that builds interpersonal relationships. By arranging two separate manufacturing sessions, one with experts and one with non-experts, comparisons were made of technological and social differences between experts and non-experts. The individuals who are experts in manufacturing grinding stones made higher quality grinding stones than the non-experts. The experts are also afforded a special respect by others, as they are the creators of the technology “necessary for life” in a culture traditionally dependent on cereal flours for sustenance. Potentially this respect for experts could be true for the past as well. Since the grinding stone artifacts from Mezber are large stones, likely meant to produce significant amounts of flour, they would have been important to daily life. Those who manufactured these tools important for subsistence would likely have been considered important individuals in the community

Management practices and production constraints of central highland goats in Emba Alaje District, Southern Zone, Tigray, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2016 on randomly selected 250 households who reared goats in Emba Alaje District to assess management practices of central highland goats and their major constraints. A pretested and semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the required data. Out of the total respondents, 213 (85.2%) were male and 38% of them had a basic education. Almost all 249 (99.6%) of the respondents practiced a mixed crop livestock production system, and majority of them (85.2%) reared goats for an immediate cash source. About 78.8% of the respondents had a separate farming area for their goats. Regarding the feeding management, majority of the respondents, 223 (89.2%) used a communal grazing/browsing area. Provision of supplementary feeds for goats was not common, and the breeding system was almost uncontrolled. Majority of the respondents 154, (61.65%) did not select buck for breeding, and 88 (35.2%) of them did not know the source of the bucks that mated their goats. In the present study, 100% of the respondents complained that, there were diseases that affected the health and production of their goats, of which 33.6% of the respondents complained, pasteurellosis as one of the major goats’ diseases in the study area. Feed shortage (36%) and diseases (33.6%) were among the major constraints raised by the respondents. Therefore, solving the above constraints is of paramount importance to improve the goat production potential and livelihood of the farmers in the study area.Keywords: Central highland goats; Constraints; Emba Alaje; Management; Tigra