Running Economy while Running in Extreme Cushioning and Normal Cushioning Running Shoes

The purpose of the study was to determine if running economy was influenced by wearing maximal cushioning shoes vs. control (neutral cushioning) shoes. (Please see Abstract in text

Alien Registration- Mercer, John A. (Northport, Waldo County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/5018/thumbnail.jp

Overground vs. Treadmill Running: Do Runners Use the Same Strategy to Adjust Stride Length and Frequency While Running at Different Velocities?

Running speed is determined by stride frequency and stride length. As running speed is adjusted, runners make greater adjustments in stride length at slower speeds with a shift to stride frequency adjustments at the faster speeds. The relationship between stride frequency and stride length is largely based on overground research which leads to the purpose of this study to analyze whether the connection of stride frequency and stride length will adjust similar due to changes in running velocity during overground and treadmill running. The protocol was recently approved by The Institutional Review Board and data collection is currently in progress; - thus the following present abstract does not contain data. In order to compare runner’s gait pattern responses to velocity changes, two wearable technologies (Garmin Fenix2, Garmin, Kansas, USA; runScribe, Scribe Lab, San Francisco, USA) designed to measure stride length and stride frequency will be utilized. Subjects will run at a variety of velocities overground and then on the treadmill with speeds ranging from slow, preferred, and fast. The main dependent variables will be stride frequency and stride length. The null hypothesis is: The relationship between stride length and stride frequency is similar while running overground and on a treadmill at different velocities. The results of this study will be helpful to runners as well as development of wearable technology used to quantify run metrics

Identification of proteins in the postsynaptic density fraction by mass spectrometry

Our understanding of the organization of postsynaptic signaling systems at excitatory synapses has been aided by the identification of proteins in the postsynaptic density (PSD) fraction, a subcellular fraction enriched in structures with the morphology of PSDs. In this study, we have completed the identification of most major proteins in the PSD fraction with the use of an analytical method based on mass spectrometry coupled with searching of the protein sequence databases. At least one protein in each of 26 prominent protein bands from the PSD fraction has now been identified. We found 7 proteins not previously known to be constituents of the PSD fraction and 24 that had previously been associated with the PSD by other methods. The newly identified proteins include the heavy chain of myosin-Va (dilute myosin), a motor protein thought to be involved in vesicle trafficking, and the mammalian homolog of the yeast septin protein cdc10, which is important for bud formation in yeast. Both myosin-Va and cdc10 are threefold to fivefold enriched in the PSD fraction over brain homogenates. Immunocytochemical localization of myosin-Va in cultured hippocampal neurons shows that it partially colocalizes with PSD-95 at synapses and is also diffusely localized in cell bodies, dendrites, and axons. Cdc10 has a punctate distribution in cell bodies and dendrites, with some of the puncta colocalizing with PSD-95. The results support a role for myosin-Va in transport of materials into spines and for septins in the formation or maintenance of spines

3-Dimensional Scanning to Determine Body Volume and Composition With and Without a Wetsuit

Wetsuits are designed to improve swimming performance by providing increased buoyant forces, reduced drag forces, and compressive forces on the body. Recently, 3-D scanning technology (2015 Structure Scanner, Occipital) has been used to measure body volume, and may provide an alternative method to obtaining body composition. Purpose: Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use 3-D scanning to measure and compare body volume with and without a wet suit. Combined with mass, volume from 3-D scanning will provide density calculations for body composition analysis. A secondary purpose of this study is to measure the difference in body composition with and without a wetsuit. Methods: The Institutional Review Board has recently approved the study and data collection has started; therefore, no data are presented in this abstract. Participants will be 3-D scanned with and without a wetsuit (Company), followed by BodPod (COSMED) measurements with and without the wetsuit. Following measurements, the 3-D scan will be used to calculate volume using MeshLab Software (Company). 2x2 mixed-factor ANOVA will be run to analyze the differences between wetsuit conditions, and between measurement methods (3D Scan vs BodPod). By comparing measurements of body volume and calculations of body composition with and without a wetsuit, the validity of the 3-D scanning technique will be determined and this might lead to the development of empirically determined wetsuit fit criteria

Molecular cloning of a mouse myosin I expressed in brain

AbstractWe have isolated two cDNAs that encode putative myosin I heavy chains by polymerase chain reaction amplification of brain cDNA with degenerate oligodeoxynucleotide primers representing myosin I-speeific conserved amino acid sequences. We report the complete deduced amino acid sequence of one of these cDNAs. The sequence is most similar to those of the avian and bovine brush border myosin Is, with five putative calmodulin-binding repeats at the head-tail junction. Northern analysis demonstrates that this myosin heavy chain, unlike the brush border myosins, is expressed in many tissues

Shoulder Muscle Activity While Swimming in Different Wetsuits and Across Different Paces

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(1): 172-181, 2023. A triathlon wetsuit is an important piece of equipment during the swim portion of the triathlon for the benefits of thermoregulation and additional buoyancy. However, a lack of knowledge exists about whether or not shoulder muscle activity is influenced by wearing a wetsuit. The purpose of this study was to determine if there were changes in shoulder muscle activity during front crawl with four different wetsuit conditions: Full sleeve (FSW), Sleeveless (SLW), Buoyancy shorts (BS), No wetsuit (NWS) in three different subjective swimming paces (slow, medium, and fast). Eight subjects (5 males, 3 females: mean ± SD, age = 39.1 ± 12.5 years; height = 1.8 ± 0.1 m; mass = 74.6 ± 12.9 kg; percent body fat = 19.0 ± 7.8%) completed twelve total swim conditions (4 wetsuits x 3 swimming pace) in a 25-m indoor pool. Muscle activity in anterior deltoid (AD) and posterior deltoid (PD) were measured using a wireless waterproofed electromyography (EMG) system. Stroke rate (SR) was calculated using the time to complete five-stroke cycles. The AD, PD EMG, and SR were compared using ANOVA with repeated measures. None of the dependent variables showed the interaction between wetsuit conditions and swimming paces (p \u3e 0.05). Both AD and PD muscle activity as well as SR were influenced by swimming pace (p \u3c 0.05) but not wetsuit conditions (p \u3e 0.05). In conclusion, shoulder muscle activity and SR were not influenced by types of wetsuits but influenced by swimming pace

Modifying the Diabetes Prevention Program to Adolescents in a School Setting: A Feasibility Study

The growing epidemic of overweight children has led to a higher prevalence of youth being diagnosed with diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. The current study modified the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) for use with 7th–10th graders in a school setting. The DPP is an evidence-based lifestyle intervention program that has been translated successfully in various adult settings. Yet the feasibility of modifying the DPP for use with middle and high school students has not been documented. A multidisciplinary university research team collaborated with a local charter school to include a modified DPP as part of the curriculum for one semester. Pre- and posttests included food knowledge, health locus of control, BMI, and performance on the 12-minute Cooper walk/run test. Findings suggest tentatively that the modified DPP was successful at increasing food knowledge and awareness of more rigorous physical activity as well as their association to improved health outcomes. Equally as important, results demonstrate that it is feasible to conduct interventions targeting healthy weight among adolescents in school-based settings by incorporating them in the curriculum.</jats:p

Fast Adaptation in Vestibular Hair Cells Requires Myosin-1c Activity

SummaryIn sensory hair cells of the inner ear, mechanical amplification of small stimuli requires fast adaptation, the rapid closing of mechanically activated transduction channels. In frog and mouse vestibular hair cells, we found that the rate of fast adaptation depends on both channel opening and stimulus size and that it is modeled well as a release of a mechanical element in series with the transduction apparatus. To determine whether myosin-1c molecules of the adaptation motor are responsible for the release, we introduced the Y61G mutation into the Myo1c locus and generated mice homozygous for this sensitized allele. Measuring transduction and adaptation in the presence of NMB-ADP, an allele-specific inhibitor, we found that the inhibitor not only blocked slow adaptation, as demonstrated previously in transgenic mice, but also inhibited fast adaptation. These results suggest that mechanical activity of myosin-1c is required for fast adaptation in vestibular hair cells

Myosin-Vb functions as a dynamic tether for peripheral endocytic compartments during transferrin trafficking

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Myosin-Vb has been shown to be involved in the recycling of diverse proteins in multiple cell types. Studies on transferrin trafficking in HeLa cells using a dominant-negative myosin-Vb tail fragment suggested that myosin-Vb was required for recycling from perinuclear compartments to the plasma membrane. However, chemical-genetic, dominant-negative experiments, in which myosin-Vb was specifically induced to bind to actin, suggested that the initial hypothesis was incorrect both in its site and mode of myosin-Vb action. Instead, the chemical-genetic data suggested that myosin-Vb functions in the actin-rich periphery as a dynamic tether on peripheral endosomes, retarding transferrin transport to perinuclear compartments.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, we employed both approaches, with the addition of overexpression of full-length wild-type myosin-Vb and switching the order of myosin-Vb inhibition and transferrin loading, to distinguish between these hypotheses. Overexpression of full-length myosin-Vb produced large peripheral endosomes. Chemical-genetic inhibition of myosin-Vb after loading with transferrin did not prevent movement of transferrin from perinuclear compartments; however, virtually all myosin-Vb-decorated particles, including those moving on microtubules, were halted by the inhibition. Overexpression of the myosin-Vb tail caused a less-peripheral distribution of early endosome antigen-1 (EEA1).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>All results favored the peripheral dynamic tethering hypothesis.</p