CSF biochemical values from subjects with CNS infections and peripheral infections.

<p>*Significant values were observed in Total Group 1 vs Total Group 2 (U-Mann Whitney test). The data for the CSF variables are shown as median and range in brackets. CSF: cerebrospinal fluid, WBC: white blood cells.</p

ROC curve to determine the new CSF neopterin cut-off.

<p>The samples were classified into two groups according to the condition that they presented either bacterial/viral central infection (n = 68) or peripheral infection (n = 52). The area under the curve was 0.934 (range: 0.883–0.985) with 61 nmol/l as the new cut-off. The sensitivity was 91.3%, and the specificity was 88.5%.</p

Representation of the 606 neurological patients in the clinical groups.

<p>Each group shows the percentage of patients with high CSF WBC, high CSF proteins and high CSF neopterin. The inflammatory/immune-mediated group had a significantly elevated percentage of high CSF WBC (^*X² = 27.91, p<0.001), high CSF proteins (^ΨX² = 17.51, p<0.001) and high CSF NP (^ΦX² = 103.73, p<0.001) compared with the other groups.</p

Patients with CSF neopterin levels below 61/l (n = 550).

<p>Out of 550 patients with CSF neopterin levels below 61 nmol/l, 68 patients had altered CSF proteins, and nine had altered CSF leucocytes. CSF NP: cerebrospinal fluid neopterin. The results are shown as the median and interval in brackets.</p

Absolute and percentage cell counts of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patient P3.

<p>Absolute and percentage cell counts of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patient P3.</p

Clinical, demographic and genetic characteristics of PMM2-CDG patients.

<p>Clinical, demographic and genetic characteristics of PMM2-CDG patients.</p

Basal numbers of peripheral blood T and NK cells at the time of sample reception.

<p>Basal numbers of peripheral blood T and NK cells at the time of sample reception.</p

Patients with CSF neopterin levels above 61/l (n = 56).

<p>*Inflammatory/immune-mediated group had significantly elevated CSF neopterin (X² = 35.01, p<0.001), CSF proteins (X² = 12.71, p = 0.002) and CSF leukocytes (X² = 6.23, p = 0.044) compared with the other groups. Moreover, up to 69.6% of the patients more frequently had CSF NP>61 nmol/L. Out of 56 patients with a CSF neopterin level above 61 nmol/l, 13 patients had altered CSF proteins and four had altered CSF leucocytes.</p><p>AGS: Aicardi-Goutières syndrome; ARCI: arthrogryposis, renal tubular dysfunction, cholestasis, ichthyosis syndrome; anti-NMDA encephalitis: anti-(N-methyl D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis; CINCA: chronic infantile neurological, cutaneous and articular syndrome; VLCAD: very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; CSF NP: cerebrospinal fluid neopterin; WBC: white blood cells. Dist: disturbances. The results are shown as the median and interval in brackets.</p

Level of CD54 expression on different blood lymphocyte subpopulations and monocytes in PMM2-CDG patients and control subjects.

<p>The study was done by flow cytometry. Values are expressed as % MFI <i>vs</i> that observed in controls. CD54 expression was found significantly lower (p = 0.021) in patient B lymphocytes.</p

Reactivity of NK cell against K562 target cells.

<p>(A) Percentage of degranulated NK cells at 1:1 E/T ratio (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0158863#sec007" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a> section). (B) Máximal reactivity of NK cells calculated as the maximal number of degranulated CD107a⁺ NK cells (α_max). Values from all tested patients and control subjects are shown. Horizontal lines represent the mean value in each study group. (C) Percentage of degranulated NK cells at 1:1 E/T ratio of fresh and activated NK cells from patient P2 (light grey bars), P5 (white bars) and control subjects (dark bars). Standard deviation in control samples is shown.</p