33 research outputs found
Innovation by Collaboration between Startups and SMEs in Switzerland
Open innovation is key to the success of many companies. It is based on the intelligent use of all possible resources, including collaborations with parties outside the firm. Although it is well known that large companies foster and use startups as experiments in their innovation process, little is known about similar activities with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The aim of this article is to report the results of research done in Switzerland on startups and SMEs. It reveals that most startups know that they must co-operate with other companies from the very beginning of their existence, and that both sides have difficulties in performing a systematic search for possible partners. Hence, to encourage the collaborative development of innovative solutions, we propose building bridges between startups and SMEs, making the identification of possible users of new technologies (SMEs) more accessible to startups, as well as making startups more identifiable by SMEs
High-Content Optical Codes for Protecting Rapid Diagnostic Tests from Counterfeiting
Warnings and reports on counterfeit
diagnostic devices are released
several times a year by regulators and public health agencies. Unfortunately,
mishandling, altering, and counterfeiting point-of-care diagnostics
(POCDs) and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) is lucrative, relatively
simple and can lead to devastating consequences. Here, we demonstrate
how to implement optical security codes in silicon- and nitrocellulose-based
flow paths for device authentication using a smartphone. The codes
are created by inkjet spotting inks directly on nitrocellulose or
on micropillars. Codes containing up to 32 elements per mm<sup>2</sup> and 8 colors can encode as many as 10<sup>45</sup> combinations.
Codes on silicon micropillars can be erased by setting a continuous
flow path across the entire array of code elements or for nitrocellulose
by simply wicking a liquid across the code. Static or labile code
elements can further be formed on nitrocellulose to create a hidden
code using polyÂ(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or glycerol additives to the
inks. More advanced codes having a specific deletion sequence can
also be created in silicon microfluidic devices using an array of
passive routing nodes, which activate in a particular, programmable
sequence. Such codes are simple to fabricate, easy to view, and efficient
in coding information; they can be ideally used in combination with
information on a package to protect diagnostic devices from counterfeiting
High-Content Optical Codes for Protecting Rapid Diagnostic Tests from Counterfeiting
Warnings and reports on counterfeit
diagnostic devices are released
several times a year by regulators and public health agencies. Unfortunately,
mishandling, altering, and counterfeiting point-of-care diagnostics
(POCDs) and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) is lucrative, relatively
simple and can lead to devastating consequences. Here, we demonstrate
how to implement optical security codes in silicon- and nitrocellulose-based
flow paths for device authentication using a smartphone. The codes
are created by inkjet spotting inks directly on nitrocellulose or
on micropillars. Codes containing up to 32 elements per mm<sup>2</sup> and 8 colors can encode as many as 10<sup>45</sup> combinations.
Codes on silicon micropillars can be erased by setting a continuous
flow path across the entire array of code elements or for nitrocellulose
by simply wicking a liquid across the code. Static or labile code
elements can further be formed on nitrocellulose to create a hidden
code using polyÂ(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or glycerol additives to the
inks. More advanced codes having a specific deletion sequence can
also be created in silicon microfluidic devices using an array of
passive routing nodes, which activate in a particular, programmable
sequence. Such codes are simple to fabricate, easy to view, and efficient
in coding information; they can be ideally used in combination with
information on a package to protect diagnostic devices from counterfeiting
High-Content Optical Codes for Protecting Rapid Diagnostic Tests from Counterfeiting
Warnings and reports on counterfeit
diagnostic devices are released
several times a year by regulators and public health agencies. Unfortunately,
mishandling, altering, and counterfeiting point-of-care diagnostics
(POCDs) and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) is lucrative, relatively
simple and can lead to devastating consequences. Here, we demonstrate
how to implement optical security codes in silicon- and nitrocellulose-based
flow paths for device authentication using a smartphone. The codes
are created by inkjet spotting inks directly on nitrocellulose or
on micropillars. Codes containing up to 32 elements per mm<sup>2</sup> and 8 colors can encode as many as 10<sup>45</sup> combinations.
Codes on silicon micropillars can be erased by setting a continuous
flow path across the entire array of code elements or for nitrocellulose
by simply wicking a liquid across the code. Static or labile code
elements can further be formed on nitrocellulose to create a hidden
code using polyÂ(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or glycerol additives to the
inks. More advanced codes having a specific deletion sequence can
also be created in silicon microfluidic devices using an array of
passive routing nodes, which activate in a particular, programmable
sequence. Such codes are simple to fabricate, easy to view, and efficient
in coding information; they can be ideally used in combination with
information on a package to protect diagnostic devices from counterfeiting
Colloidal Nanocrystal-Based BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Xerogels as Green Bodies: Effect of Drying and Sintering at Low Temperatures on Pore Structure and Microstructures
Although
aerogels prepared by the colloidal assembly of nanoparticles
are a rapidly emerging class of highly porous and low-density materials,
their ambient dried counterparts, namely xerogels, have hardly been
explored. Here we report the use of nanoparticle-based BaTiO<sub>3</sub> xerogels as green bodies, which provide a versatile route to ceramic
materials under the minimization of organic additives with a significant
reduction of the calcination temperature compared to that of conventional
powder sintering. The structural changes of the xerogels are investigated
during ambient drying by carefully analyzing the microstructure at
different drying stages. For this purpose, the shrinkage was arrested
by a supercritical drying step under full preservation of the intermediate
microstructure, giving unprecedented insight into the structural changes
during ambient drying of a nanoparticle-based gel. In a first step,
the large macropores shrink because of capillary forces, followed
by the collapse of residual mesopores until a dense xerogel is obtained.
The whole process is accompanied by a volume shrinkage of 97% and
a drop in surface area from 300 to 220 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>–1</sup>. Finally, the xerogels are sintered, causing another shrinkage of
up to 8% with a slight increase in the average pore and crystal sizes.
At temperatures higher than 700 °C, an unexpected phase transition
to BaTi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> is observed