Dietary Polysaccharides and Gut Microbiota Ecosystem

The intestinal microbiota is a community of microorganisms that subsists within the gastrointestinal ecosystem. In human health, the role of the gastrointestinal microbiota is to maintain a dynamic balance with the host. This balance plays both local and remote roles in critical physiological processes, particularly inflammation, and the immune response [1]. Natural polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate macromolecules and sources of fermentable dietary fiber. Polysaccharides are the most abundant dietary components in the gut microbiota and are deeply involved in host health [2]. Emerging evidence shows the involvement of polysaccharides in numerous functions in gut microbiota-host symbiosis, such as microbial interactions with endogenous host glycans, and the key role of microbial polysaccharides [3]. Additionally, bacterial polysaccharides act as immunomodulators, and host-derived polysaccharides protect host cells from pathogenic microbial neighbors and affect overall gut health through interactions with gut microbes. The growth of certain beneficial intestinal bacteria can be promoted by polysaccharides (among other things) during intestinal fermentation, changing the microbiota profile of the gut and altering both local and remote host physiology, which can reduce disease development [3,4]

Dietary Polysaccharides as Modulators of the Gut Microbiota Ecosystem: An Update on Their Impact on Health

A polysaccharide is a macromolecule composed of more than ten monosaccharides with a wide distribution and high structural diversity and complexity in nature. Certain polysaccharides are immunomodulators and play key roles in the regulation of immune responses during the progression of some diseases. In addition to stimulating the growth of certain intestinal bacteria, polysaccharides may also promote health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. In the last years, studies about the triad gut microbiota–polysaccharides–health have increased exponentially. In consequence, in the present review, we aim to summarize recent knowledge about the function of dietary polysaccharides on gut microbiota composition and how these effects affect host health.Regional Ministry of Health and Families (Andalucia, Spain)CSyF 2021-Postdoctoral RPS 24665"Fundacion Ramon Areces", Madrid, Spai

The Interplay between Microbiota and Chemotherapy-Derived Metabolites in Breast Cancer

UGR Plan Propio de Investigación 2016” and the “Excellence Actions: Unit of Excellence in Exercise and Health (UCEES), University of Granada”Postdoctoral contract (RPS 24665, 2021) from Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía, Spain)

Mid-term evaluation of CATIE's program on ecologically-based participatory implementation of IPM and agroforestry in Nicaragua and Central America (CATI-MIP/AF) Phase III

CATIE-MIP/AF is a well-conceived and well-managed program that has capitalized on lessons learned in previous phases and from other programs. It developed in response to the weakening of the extension function within national agricultural systems in Central America and has contributed to the reorientation of the linear transfer-of-technology model prevailing in Nicaragua and other Central American Countries into a participatory extension approach that links farm families, extensionists, researchers and trainers, and decision-makers. The participatory methodologies developed by the program are a major strength in addressing challenges posed by modern-day complexity, uncertainty and dynamism in agriculture and natural resource management by farmers. The Program has catalyzed the establishment of a field-based multi-level, multi-institutional platform for participatory development and extension of technology for three important Central American farming systems, coffee, vegetables and basic grains (maize and beans), combining these with a broad array of ecological practices based on principles of agroforestry, integrated pest management, and natural resource conservation. The participatory capacity-building supported by the program develops powers of ecological reasoning, and incorporates a gender and family focus. The program has supported participatory training of 19,964 farmers, 861extensionists, 133 trainers (specialists) and has involved 380 decision-makers in joint planning and public monitoring of the process. Benefits to participating farmers of at least US$3.7 million have accrued during the first three years of the program. High priorities during the remaining two years of the program include Sustained effort in: systematization of program experience, promotion of institutional learning in CATIE about the MIP/AF experience; capacity-building to develop ecological reasoning; development of the regionalization process for scaling-out the work of the program to pilot areas in other Central Amercian countries capacity-building work on basic grains, The mission also recommends formulation of a plan to ensure devolution of the field based, multi-level, multi-institutional process in Nicaragua and elswhere when appropriate. This could occur by establishment of a process for promoting proposal development by counterparts, and by the program, that will ensure the future integrity of the multinstitutional platform and of the integrated MIP/AF focus. The review mission recommends further sustained funding counterpart organisations and to the program. The mission sees a need for developing empresarial reasoning as a complement to the current focus on ecological reasoning. Combining the two within a new cycle of funding involving both counterpart organisations and CATIE will increase the sustainability of achievements and the chances of significant impact on poverty alleviation in the future

Passive and active control of structures

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-98).by Julio Cesar Maldonado-Mercado.M.S

Editorial: Molecular and cellular aspects of regulatory and subjacent mechanisms in host/ microbiota association and its involvement in cancer

Editorial on the Research Topic: Molecular and cellular aspects of regulatory and subjacent mechanisms in host/microbiota association and its involvement in cancerRegional Ministry of Health and Families (Andalucia, Spain). CSyF 2021-Postdoctoral RPS 24665"Fundacion Ramon Areces," Madrid, Spai

Fiber Consumption Mediates Differences in Several Gut Microbes in a Subpopulation of Young Mexican Adults

A.R.-L. was granted a fellowship from the National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT). Grant No. 365902 and Registration No. 297325.Diet is a determinant for bodyweight and gut microbiota composition. Changes in dietary patterns are useful for the prevention and management of overweight and obesity. We aim to evaluate diet behavior and its potential association with selected gut bacteria and body weight among Mexican young adults. Mexican college students aged between 18 and 25 (normal-weight, overweight, and obese) were recruited. Anthropometric variables were recorded. A validated food frequency questionnaire was applied to all the participants. The percentages of macronutrients, fiber, and energy were calculated, and fecal samples were analyzed by real-time-qPCR to quantify selected gut bacteria. All the participants showed an unbalanced dietary pattern. However, the consumption of fruits, non-fat cereals, and oils and fats without protein were higher in the normal-weight individuals. In the overweight/obese participants, fiber intake did not correlate with the microbial variables, while Kcal from protein and Clostridium leptum correlated positively with Lactobacillus. Similarly, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale correlated with Akkermansia muciniphila. In the normal-weight participants, Clostridium leptum and Lactobacillus correlated positively with Clostridium coccoides- Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium, respectively, and Bacteroidetes negatively with Akkermansia muciniphila. In conclusion, a higher fiber intake had a positive impact on body weight and bacterial gut composition in this Mexican population of college students.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) 365902 29732

Nutrition and cellular senescence in obesity-related disorders

Julio Plaza-Diaz is part of the “UGR Plan Propio de Investigación 2016 and the “Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), University of Granada”. Julio Plaza-Diaz is sup- ported by a grant awarded to postdoctoral researchers at foreign universities and research centers from the “Fundación Ramón Are- ces”, Madrid, Spain. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBUA.Adequate nutrition is vital for immune homeostasis. However, the incidence of obesity is increasing worldwide due to the adoption of the Western diet and a sedentary lifestyle. Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation which alters the function of adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, and the nervous system. Inflammation is related to cellular senescence, distinguished by irreversible cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells secrete the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which contains pro-inflammatory factors. Targeting processes in senescence might have a salutary approach to obesity. The present review highlights the impact of an unhealthy diet on tissues affected by obesity, and the mechanisms that promote the consequent inflammation and senescence.UGR Plan Propio de Investigación 2016Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), University of Granada“Fundación Ramón Are- ces”, Madrid, Spain.Universidad de Granada / CBU