Modelling a Markov Attrition Process

This study proposes another computational approach to solve a stochastic attrition model. The initial contact forces for both sides canbe treated as a random variable. The approach is manipulated in amatrix form, and on account of the special form of its infinitesimal generator, some recursive algorithms are derived to compute the intended results. Numerical results to illustrate the differences betweenthe proposed model and the stochastic model with known initial contact forces are presented

Conceptual Lanchester-type Decapitation Warfare Modelling

Decapitation operation has existed for a long time in military history; however, it was notuntil March 2003 'decapitation attack' became a well known term in the mass media. This paperis based on the connotation of decapitation based on historical study and refines the term intomilitary strategic concept of decapitation strategy. Ideas derived from detailed studies onLanchester-type combat models are used to describe the effectiveness of conventional regularforces under decapitation warfare, which includes asymmetric, nonlinear, stand-off and specialoperation forces (SOF) operations. A conceptual model is presented to describe the effects ofthe decapitation strategy on the regular battlefield. With extensive coverage of operational factorssuch as robustness of forces, time difference between combats, undermining effects, breakpoints,attrition rates, total force level and force allocation, the model is suitable to analyse complexscenario with different types of military operations consisting of decapitation strategy. Anillustrative example is provided to demonstrate the application of the model. The conceptualmodel is built based on hypotheses, assumptions, and criteria. In the absence of historical data,no data analysis and parameter estimation are involved

Direct tip-position control using magnetic actuation for achieving fast scanning in tapping mode atomic force microscopy

This article presents the development of a faster control loop for oscillation amplitude regulation in tapping mode operation of atomic force microscopy. Two techniques in relation to actuation and measurement are developed, that together significantly increase the bandwidth of the control loop. Firstly, magnetic actuation is employed to directly control the tip position of the cantilever to improve both the speed and the dynamics of the positioning system. Secondly, the signal path for oscillation amplitude regulation is separated from that for topography estimation in order to eliminate measurement delay that degrades the performance of the feedback loop. As a result, the phase-crossover frequency and gain margin of the control system are both increased, leading to a faster and more stable system. Two experiments are performed, one in air and the other in aqueous solution, to compare the developed control system with a commercial one and demonstrate the improvement. The results verify that the combination of the two techniques along with other existing methods eliminates all limitations associated with the instrument for the purpose of oscillation amplitude regulation, which is therewith dictated by the bandwidth of the cantilever

構築基因至同一個葉綠基因體轉殖載體以基因槍法共同轉殖基因到甘藍葉綠體

In this study, bt and hsc70 genes as well as sod 62 and cat 78 genes were constructed in the same Brassica-specific-plastid vector which were named pASCCBtHSC and pASCCSODCAT, respectively. The constructed vectors were transferred into cabbage (KY-cross) chloroplast via particle bombardment mediated transformation. The results of PCR, Southern and Northern blot hybridization indicated that seven plants of co-transformed sod 62+ cat 78 plants contained both sod 62 and cat 78 genes, and expressed sod 62 and cat78 mRNA. One of the two co-transformed bt + hsc 70 plants contained both bt and hsc 70 genes, and exhibited the high degree of resistance to the Plutella xylostella.本研究將熱休克蛋白(heat shock proteins cognate, HSC)基因與蘇力菌殺蟲晶體蛋白 (Bt) 基因構築再同一個蕓苔屬蔬菜葉綠體轉殖載體，稱之為pASCCBtHSC；將超氧化歧化酵素(superoxide dismutase, SOD)基因與過氧化氫酵素(catalase, CAT)基因構築到同一個蕓苔屬蔬菜葉綠體轉殖載體，稱之為 pASCCSODCAT。利用基因槍法將兩種載體分別轉殖到'初秋'甘藍葉綠體中。以PCR、南方墨點與北方墨點分析轉殖再生植株，在 pASCCSODCAT (cat+ sod)方面，獲得的七株轉殖甘藍，均同時具有 cat 及 sod 基因並轉錄出其 mRNA；在 pASCCBtHSC (bt+hsc)方面，獲得的兩株轉殖甘藍中，即有一株轉殖甘藍同時具有 bt 及 hsc70 基因，轉錄出 bt 及 hsc70 mRNA，並大量表現HSC70蛋白及具有顯著的抗蟲效果

Deep Downhole Seismic Testing at the Waste Treatment Plant Site, Hanford, WA,Volume VI. S-Wave Measurements in Borehole C4997 Seismic Records, Wave-Arrival Identifications and Interpreted S-Wave Velocity Profile.

Velocity measurements in shallow sediments from ground surface to approximately 370 to 400 feet bgs were collected by Redpath Geophysics using impulsive S- and P-wave seismic sources (Redpath 2007). Measurements below this depth within basalt and sedimentary interbeds were made by UTA between October and December 2006 using the T-Rex vibratory seismic source in each of the three boreholes. Results of these measurements including seismic records, wave-arrival identifications and interpreted velocity profiles are presented in the following six volumes: I. P-Wave Measurements in Borehole C4993 II. P-Wave Measurements in Borehole C4996 III. P-Wave Measurements in Borehole C4997 IV. S-Wave Measurements in Borehole C4993 V. S-Wave Measurements in Borehole C4996 VI. S-Wave Measurements in Borehole C4997 In this volume (VI), all S-wave measurements are presented that were performed in Borehole C4997 at the WTP with T-Rex as the seismic source and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) 3-D wireline geophone as the at-depth borehole receiver

Deep Downhole Seismic Testing at the Waste Treatment Plant Site, Hanford, WA,Volume II. P-Wave Measurements in Borehole C4996 Seismic Records, Wave-Arrival Identifications and Interpreted P-Wave Velocity Profile.

In this volume (II), all P-wave measurements are presented that were performed in Borehole C4996 at the Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) with T-Rex as the seismic source and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) 3-D wireline geophone as the at-depth borehole receiver. P-wave measurements were performed over the depth range of 360 to 1400 ft, typically in 10-ft intervals. However, in some interbeds, 5-ft depth intervals were used, while below about 1180 ft, depth intervals of 20 ft were used. Compression (P) waves were generated by moving the base plate of T-Rex for a given number of cycles at a fixed frequency as discussed in Section 2. This process was repeated so that signal averaging in the time domain was performed using 3 to about 15 averages, with 5 averages typically used. In addition to the LBNL 3-D geophone, called the lower receiver herein, a 3-D geophone from Redpath Geophysics was fixed at a depth of 22 ft in Borehole C4996, and a 3-D geophone from the University of Texas was embedded near the borehole at about 1.5 ft below the ground surface. This volume is organized into 12 sections as follows: Section 1: Introduction, Section 2: Explanation of Terminology, Section 3: Vp Profile at Borehole C4996, Sections 4 to 6: Unfiltered P-wave records of lower vertical receiver, reaction mass, and reference receiver, Sections 7 to 9: Filtered P-wave signals of lower vertical receiver, reaction mass and reference receiver, Section 10: Expanded and filtered P-wave signals of lower vertical receiver, and Sections 11 and 12: Waterfall plots of unfiltered and filtered lower vertical receiver signals

Deep Downhole Seismic Testing at the Waste Treatment Plant Site, Hanford, WA.,Volume III. P-Wave Measurements in Borehole C4997 Seismic Records, Wave-Arrival Identifications and Interpreted P-Wave Velocity Profile.

In this volume (III), all P-wave measurements are presented that were performed in Borehole C4997 at the Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) with T-Rex as the seismic source and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) 3-D wireline geophone as the at-depth borehole receiver. P-wave measurements were performed over the depth range of 390 to 1220 ft, typically in 10-ft intervals. However, in some interbeds, 5-ft depth intervals were used. Compression (P) waves were generated by moving the base plate of T-Rex for a given number of cycles at a fixed frequency as discussed in Section 2. This process was repeated so that signal averaging in the time domain was performed using 3 to about 15 averages, with 5 averages typically used. In addition to the LBNL 3-D geophone, called the lower receiver herein, a 3-D geophone from Redpath Geophysics was fixed at a depth of 40 ft (later relocated to 27.5 ft due to visibility in borehole after rain) in Borehole C4997, and a 3-D geophone from the University of Texas was embedded near the borehole at about 1.5 ft below the ground surface. This volume is organized into 12 sections as follows: Section 1: Introduction, Section 2: Explanation of Terminology, Section 3: Vp Profile at Borehole C4997, Sections 4 to 6: Unfiltered P-wave records of lower vertical receiver, reaction mass, and reference receiver, Sections 7 to 9: Filtered P-wave signals of lower vertical receiver, reaction mass and reference receiver, Section 10: Expanded and filtered P-wave signals of lower vertical receiver, and Sections 11 and 12: Waterfall plots of unfiltered and filtered lower vertical receiver signals

混合不同葉綠體基因轉殖載體以基因槍法共同轉殖基因到甘藍葉綠體

In this study﹐hsc70﹐bt﹐sod62 and cat78 gene was constructed in the Brassice chloroplast transgenic vector﹐respectively.Mixture of the transgenic vector was co-transferred into cabbage (KY-cross)chloroplast via particle bombardment. The results of PCR﹐Southern and cat78 genes﹐and expressed bt and hsc70 mRNA .One of three co-transfer plant contained cat78 gene and the other plant didn't containing target genes.The bt gene transformed plants exhibited the high degree of resistance to the plutella xylostella.本研究分別將熱休克蛋白(heat shock proteins cognate,HSC);蘇力菌殺蟲晶體蛋白(Bt);超氧化歧化酵素(superoxide dismutase,SOD)與過氧化氫酵素(catalase,CAT)基因構築到蕓苔屬蔬菜葉綠體轉殖載體，並同時混合四種不同葉綠體基因轉殖載體 (bt、hsc70、cat、sod)，利用基因槍轉移到'初秋'甘藍葉綠體中。以PCR、南方墨點與北方墨點分析三棵轉殖株顯示，一株植株同時其有二種基因(bt、cat78)，並可轉錄出bt及cat78之mRNA;一株只有一種基因(cat78)，一株則不帶任何轉殖基因。將含有bt基因的轉殖株餵食小菜蛾幼蟲有明顯的殺蟲效果