The prevalence of ocular manifestations in road traffic accidents treated at a rural tertiary care hospital in south india: a cross sectional study

Background: Ocular injuries following road traffic accidents (RTA) is one of the common causes of ophthalmological morbidity and unilateral blindness. The aim of this study was to document the epidemiological pattern of ocular injures caused by RTA in a cross-sectional population brought to a tertiary care centre in rural southern India.Methods: After receiving institutional ethics committee approval, all patients over the age of 10 years, who came to the emergency department (ED) of this rural tertiary care centre with alleged history of RTA, during the period, July-December 2015 were serially enrolled to participate in the study after obtaining written informed consent. The sample size for 95% confidence level and precision of 5% was calculated to be 191.Results: Out of the 832 cases of RTA presenting to the ED, 191 (23%) had ocular injuries. There were 186 (97.38%) closed globe injuries and 5 (2.6%) open globe injuries. Eight (4.1%) patients with ocular injuries had no perception of light in the affected eye after the accident. The commonest injury was periorbital edema and ecchymosis (68.6%) followed closely by eyebrow laceration (63.9%) and lid laceration (48.2 %). The commonest anterior and posterior segment injuries were traumatic optic neuritis (6.3%) and vitreous or retinal haemorrhage 4 (2.09%) respectively.Conclusions: In this study, the prevalence of ocular involvement in RTA was is 23%. Most of the injuries were closed globe injuries and periorbital edema and ecchymosis were the commonest type of injury occurring followed by eyebrow and lid laceration.

Impact of coastal bottom trawling on target and non- target resources along the south west coast of India

The trawling is carried out almost throughout the year in the inshore water except for peak monsoon months. Their nonoperation is chiefly due to the unfavourable sea conditions or bans imposed by the governments as in Kerala, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh or socially self-imposed ban as in Karnataka. The excessive fishing pressure exerted by the mechanized / motorized sector in a climatically limited coastal habitat up to a depth of about 50 m have not only affected the sustenance of some easily vulnerable resources, but also challenged the very existence of some shell fishes, fin fishes and bottom organisms, including the biota which are non-edible to man but vital in the food web of all exploitable resources. The present account pertains to the impact of the gear along the south-west coast (Karnataka and Kerala) trawling grounds preferably on the non- target by catch

Robotic Partial Nephrectomy Using Robotic Bulldog Clamps

Robotically applying bulldog clamps was found to be a safe and feasible method of hilar occlusion during robotic partial nephrectomy

Effects of oxalate on the re-initiation of DNA synthesis in LLC-PK1 cells do not involve p42/44 MAP kinase activation

Effects of oxalate on the re-initiation of DNA synthesis in LLC-PK1 cells do not involve p42/44 MAP kinase activation.BackgroundOxalate interaction with renal epithelial cells results in a program of events that include alterations in gene expression, re-initiation of DNA synthesis, cell growth and apoptosis. Our studies focused on understanding the mechanisms involved in the oxalate-induced re-initiation of the DNA synthesis. The effects of oxalate alone or in combination with epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and insulin were investigated to determine whether oxalate utilized the p42/44 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, which is a common pathway used by a majority of the mitogens.MethodsLLC-PK1 cells (a renal epithelial cell line of porcine origin) were exposed to oxalate in the presence or absence of three established growth factors, EGF, insulin and PDGF, and of the transcription/translation inhibitors, actinomycin-D and cycloheximide. DNA synthesis was assessed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation. p42/44 MAP kinase activity was assessed by super-shift analysis as well as by immunocomplex kinase assay.ResultsExposure of growth-arrested LLC-PK1 cells to oxalate resulted in the re-initiation of the DNA synthesis that had been abolished earlier by pretreatment with transcription/translation inhibitors. Oxalate (1mmol/L), EGF (50 ng/mL) and insulin (100 ng/mL) stimulated DNA synthesis in growth-arrested LLC-PK1 cells, while PDGF (50 ng/mL) had no effect. Effects of EGF and oxalate on DNA synthesis were additive. In contrast, oxalate and insulin had antagonistic effects on DNA synthesis. Additionally, oxalate did not activate the p42/44 MAP kinase pathway while EGF stimulated this pathway.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that oxalate does not activate the p42/44 MAP kinase pathway, and the effects of oxalate are mediated by pathways that are distinct from those of EGF, PDGF and insulin

Rare Histological Variants of Prostate Adenocarcinoma (PCa): NCDB Analysis

Introduction and Objective: American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) recognizes five rare histological variants of prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa). Our aim was to describe the contemporary presentation and overall survival (OS) of these rare variants. Methods: From 2004-2015, we selected cases of mucinous, ductal, signet ring cell (SRC), Adenosquamous, and neuroendocrine (NEC) variants of PCa from the National Cancer Database. Characteristics at presentation for each variant were compared with nonvariant PCa. Cox regression was used to study the effect of histological subtype on overall mortality. Results: Less than 1 percent (5062/1345561; 0.38%) patients presented with rare-variant PCa. All variants had a higher clinical T stage at presentation than nonvariant PCa (all p\u3c0.001; Table 1). Metastatic disease was most common with NEC (62.9%), followed by adenosquamous (31.1%), SRC (10.3%), and ductal (9.8%) variants, compared to 4.2% in nonvariant PCa (all p\u3c0.001). Metastatic disease in mucinous (3.3%) was similar to nonvariant PCa (p = 0.15). SRC, mucinous, and ductal variants presented with a significantly higher PSA (Median 9.0, 6.7, and 6.6, respectively vs. 6.2 ng/ml in nonvariant PCa; all p \u3c 0.001), and higher biopsy grade (Grade group ≥ 4 (34.7%, 11.2%, and 27%, respectively vs. 8.6% in nonvariant PCa; all p \u3c 0.001). Estimated 5-year OS was highest in mucinous variant (89.3%), followed by nonvariant (87.2%), ductal (76.4%), SRC (67.0%), adenosquamous (20.5%), and NEC PCa (13.4%). After adjusting for covariates—compared to nonvariant PCa—mortality was significantly higher in ductal, SRC, adenosquamous, and NEC variants (Table 2) Conclusions: There are differences in the presentation and OS among rare variants of PCa. NEC, adenosquamous, signet ring cell, and ductal variants more commonly present with metastatic disease. All variants present with a higher local stage than nonvariant PCa. NEC variant is associated with the worst, and mucinous variant with the best OS.https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/merf2019basicsci/1004/thumbnail.jp

Consultancy services in marine fisheries- A profile of technologies and experts

The ICAR system currently needs very effective partnership between the researchers and the user groups. The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, a premier Institute under the ICAR, has taken effective steps to introduce the services and technologies in the marine fisheries sector, achieved over the last 50 years R & D activities. With a viev/ to institutionalising transfer of technologies, the institute has constituted a Consultancy Processing Cell (CPC) in 1997 for effectively serving the needs of our clients, through the short term and long term trainings, consultancies, contract services and contract research