Early-stage reciprocity in sustainable scientific collaboration

Scientific collaboration is of significant importance in tackling grand challenges and breeding innovations. Despite the increasing interest in investigating and promoting scientific collaborations, we know little about the collaboration sustainability as well as mechanisms behind it. In this paper, we set out to study the relationships between early-stage reciprocity and collaboration sustainability. By proposing and defining h-index reciprocity, we give a comprehensive statistical analysis on how reciprocity influences scientific collaboration sustainability, and find that scholars are not altruism and the key to sustainable collaboration is fairness. The unfair h-index reciprocity has an obvious negative impact on collaboration sustainability. The bigger the reciprocity difference, the less sustainable in collaboration. This work facilitates understanding sustainable collaborations and thus will benefit both individual scholar in optimizing collaboration strategies and the whole academic society in improving teamwork efficiency. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd.The authors extend their appreciation to the International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University for funding this research work through ISPP-78. This work is partially supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation ( 2019M651115 )

Predictive value of systemic immune inflammation index and somatic symptom scale-China in the occurrence of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events after first-episode of acute myocardial infarction undergoing PCI

Objective·To investigate the predictive value of systemic inflammatory index (SII) and somatization symptom score-China (SSS-CN) for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with first-episode acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods·Three hundred and five first-episode AMI patients who received PCI treatment at the Cardiology Department of Anhui Second People's Hospital from September 2021 to September 2023 were included in the study. Enrolled patients were divided into MACEs group (n=203) and non-MACEs group (n=102) based on whether MACEs events occurred during hospitalization. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the general data such as gender, age and laboratory test results of the two groups of patients, and binary Logistic regression test was conducted for statistically significant items according to the analysis results. According to the results, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were further drawn to evaluate the value of SII and SSS-CN in predicting the occurrence of MACEs in hospital. On this basis, coronary syntax score (SS) was combined to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the three combinations, and the optimal cut-off value was determined according to the maximum Jordan index.Results·A total of 203 patients had MACEs events, among whom 179 (88.1%) had heart failure, 16 (7.9%) had severe arrhythmia, 4 (2.0%) had shock, 2 (1.0%) had recurrent myocardial infarction, and 2 (1.0%) died. Compared with the non-MACEs group, the SII and SSS-CN scores in the MACEs group were significantly increased (1 925.86 vs 934.23, 38.57 vs 23.30; both P<0.05). The binary Logistic results suggested that both SII and SSS-CN were independent risk factors for the occurrence of MACEs. The ROC curve results showed that the prediction efficiency was the best when SII ≥ 952, with a sensitivity of 64.0% and a specificity of 62.7% (AUC 0.675, 95% CI 0.612‒0.737). The prediction efficiency was the best when SSS-CN ≥ 28.5, with a sensitivity of 80.7% and a specificity of 77.5% (AUC 0.840, 95% CI 0.794‒0.886). The predictive performance was further improved after combining the syntax score (AUC 0.898, 95% CI 0.862‒0.933).Conclusion·The admission SII and SSS-CN scores of first-episode AMI patients are independent risk factors for the occurrence of MACEs during hospitalization after PCI. Early monitoring of SII changes in first-episode AMI patients after PCI or SSS-CN scores for patients with obvious Somatization symptoms can help identify high-risk patients for the occurrence of MACEs in the hospital

Modeling and simulations for 2D materials: a ReaxFF perspective

WOS:001008360100001Recent advancements in the field of two-dimensional (2D) materials have led to the discovery of a wide range of 2D materials with intriguing properties. Atomistic-scale simulation methods have played a key role in these discoveries. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent progress in ReaxFF force field developments and applications in modeling the following layered and nonlayered 2D materials: graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, hexagonal boron nitrides, groups III-, IV- and V-elemental materials, as well as the mixed dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. We further discuss knowledge gaps and challenges associated with synthesis and characterization of 2D materials. We close this review with an outlook addressing the challenges as well as plans regarding ReaxFF development and possible large-scale simulations, which should be helpful to guide experimental studies in a discovery of new materials and devices

Micro/Nanorobot: A Promising Targeted Drug Delivery System

Micro/nanorobot, as a research field, has attracted interest in recent years. It has great potential in medical treatment, as it can be applied in targeted drug delivery, surgical operation, disease diagnosis, etc. Differently from traditional drug delivery, which relies on blood circulation to reach the target, the designed micro/nanorobots can move autonomously, which makes it possible to deliver drugs to the hard-to-reach areas. Micro/nanorobots were driven by exogenous power (magnetic fields, light energy, acoustic fields, electric fields, etc.) or endogenous power (chemical reaction energy). Cell-based micro/nanorobots and DNA origami without autonomous movement ability were also introduced in this article. Although micro/nanorobots have excellent prospects, the current research is mainly based on in vitro experiments; in vivo research is still in its infancy. Further biological experiments are required to verify in vivo drug delivery effects of micro/nanorobots. This paper mainly discusses the research status, challenges, and future development of micro/nanorobots

Regioselective and Stereoselective Entry to β,β-Disubstituted Vinyl Ethers via the Sequential Hydroboration/Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of Ynol Ethers

A highly regio- and stereoselective synthesis of stereodefined β,β-disubstituted alkenyl ethers featuring the sequential hydroboration/Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of ynol ethers has been described. A number of functional groups, including OMe, Ac, CO₂Et, CN, halides, and alkyl, (hetero)­aryl, and alkenyl groups, are well-tolerated under the reaction conditions. Furthermore, it allows a facile entry to the labile diarylacetaldehydes by TFA-mediated hydrolysis of β,β-disubstituted vinyl ethers

Silver-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Ynol Ethers

A silver-catalyzed <i>trans</i> addition of carboxylic acids to ynol ethers is described. The reaction has a broad scope with respect to carboxylic acids and ynol ethers, delivering (<i>Z</i>)-α-alkoxy enol esters in good yields with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity. Meaningfully, the Ni-catalyzed selective coupling of alkenyl C–OPiv bonds of (<i>Z</i>)-α-alkoxy enol esters with boronic acids enables a convenient route to the access of (<i>E</i>)-enol ethers. As such, the two-step procedure, consisted of a hydrocarboxylation and a subsequent Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, offers a formal <i>trans</i> hydroarylation of ynol ethers, thus providing a good complementary method to our previous report

A potential risk factor of essential hypertension in case-control study: MicroRNAs miR-10a-5p

Background: Essential hypertension is a multifactorial disease with high morbidity. The researches on the influence of genes on the disease are still in its infancy, and the mechanism of gene regulation is not clear. MiRNAs are key molecules that regulate the expression control of protein-coding or protein-non-coding RNA. It may be an important biological molecule risk factor for essential hypertension. Methods: A case-control study with 98 EH and 98 non-EH was conducted in our experiment. The candidate miRNAs including miR-10a-5p and miR-497-5p were detected and verified by qRT-PCR. Results: The expression level of miRNA in EH cases was significantly lower than the healthy control (P = 0.005). In addition, the relative expression of miR-10a-5p was closely positive correlated with DBP (r = 0.162, P = 0.023) and SBP (r = 0.223, P = 0.002). After adjusting confound factors, the result of the logistic regression indicated that hypo-expression of miR-10a-5p is a risk factor for EH (OR(95%CI) = 1.676(1.302,2.157), adjusted P < 0.0001). And the ROC analysis shows that the combined line with BMI and miR-10a-5p was a values marker for EH (AUC: 0.728, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Lower expression of miR-10a-5p, as the key role, is significantly related to the risk of EH and maybe as a potential biomolecule for EH

Analysis of flavonoid metabolism of compounds in succulent fruits and leaves of three different colors of Rosaceae

Abstract Red flesh apple (Malus pumila var. medzwetzkyana Dieck), purple leaf plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrhar f), and purple leaf peach (Prunus persica ‘Atropurpurea’) are significant ornamental plants within the Rosaceae family. The coloration of their fruits and leaves is crucial in their appearance and nutritional quality. However, qualitative and quantitative studies on flavonoids in the succulent fruits and leaves of multicolored Rosaceae plants are lacking. To unveil the diversity and variety-specificity of flavonoids in these three varieties, we conducted a comparative analysis of flavonoid metabolic components using ultra-high-performance liquid phase mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The results revealed the detection of 311 metabolites, including 47 flavonoids, 105 flavonols, 16 chalcones, 37 dihydroflavonoids, 8 dihydroflavonols, 30 anthocyanins, 14 flavonoid carbon glycosides, 23 flavanols, 8 isoflavones, 11 tannins, and 12 proanthocyanidins. Notably, although the purple plum and peach leaves exhibited distinct anthocyanin compounds, paeoniflorin and corythrin glycosides were common but displayed varying glycosylation levels. While the green purple leaf peach fruit (PEF) and red flesh apple leaf (AL) possessed the lowest anthocyanin content, they exhibited the highest total flavonoid content. Conversely, the red flesh apple fruit (AF) displayed the highest anthocyanin content and a diverse range of anthocyanin glycosylation modifications, indicating that anthocyanins predominantly influenced the fruit's color. Purple PLF, PLL, and PEL showcased varying concentrations of anthocyanins, suggesting that their colors result from the co-color interaction between specific types of anthocyanins and secondary metabolites, such as flavonols, flavonoids, and dihydroflavonoids. This study provides novel insights into the variations in tissue metabolites among Rosaceae plants with distinct fruit and leaf colors

Effects of Organic Acid Root Exudates of Malus hupehensis Rehd. Derived from Soil and Root Leaching Liquor from Orchards with Apple Replant Disease

Organic acids secreted by plants, such as p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, and benzoic acid, can inhibit seed germination and root growth. The effects of root and soil leaching liquor from orchards on the growth of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings under sand culture are studied; the seedlings are sampled at 15, 30, 45, and 60 d. Changes in the amount of root exudates are determined using HPLC. Low concentrations of root leaching liquor (A1) and soil leaching liquor (B1) significantly promoted plant growth and chlorophyll synthesis; high concentrations of root leaching liquor (A6) and soil leaching liquor (B4&ndash;6) inhibited growth. Low concentrations of soil leaching liquor had no significant effect on the POD, SOD, and CAT activities. A5&ndash;6 and B5&ndash;6 significantly decreased Fv/Fm and qP values, respectively, and increased NPQ values. All root and soil leaching liquor treatments inhibited the secretion of gallic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, benzoic acid, and phloridzin, and promoted the secretion of caffeic acid. The root leaching liquor treatments inhibited the secretion of catechin and promoted the secretion of phloretin. The soil leaching liquor treatments promoted the secretion of cinnamic acid. The secretion of other phenolic acids is likely associated with the different concentrations of leaching liquor