Integrated rocksalt–polyanion cathodes with excess lithium and stabilized cycling

Co- and Ni-free disordered rocksalt cathodes utilize oxygen redox to increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, but it is challenging to achieve good cycle life at high voltages >4.5 V (versus Li/Li+). Here we report a family of Li-excess Mn-rich cathodes that integrates rocksalt- and polyanion-type structures. Following design rules for cation filling and ordering, we demonstrate the bulk incorporation of polyanion groups into the rocksalt lattice. This integration bridges the two primary families of lithium-ion battery cathodes—layered/spinel and phosphate oxides—dramatically enhancing the cycling stability of disordered rocksalt cathodes with 4.8 V upper cut-off voltage. The cathode exhibits high gravimetric energy densities above 1,100 Wh kg−1 and >70% retention over 100 cycles. This study opens up a broad compositional space for developing battery cathodes using earth-abundant elements such as Mn and Fe

Associated factors of health-promoting lifestyle of the elderly based on the theory of social ecosystem

Object: To explore the factors related to health-promoting lifestyles of the elderly based on social-ecosystem theory. Design: A cross-sectional survey study was carried out to include 627 elderly people in communities in three cities of Hebei Province (Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, and Zhangjiakou) from October 2021 to January 2022 for questionnaire survey (601 validly returned cases). Venue: Three cities of Hebei Province (Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, and Zhangjiakou). Participants: 627 elderly people. Interventions: A cross-sectional survey study. Main measurements: The questionnaire survey was conducted by using the general demographic data, health promotion life scale, frailty scale, general self-efficacy scale, health engagement scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, The family Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve scale, and Perceived Social Support Scale. Results: The total health promotion lifestyle score for the elderly was 100.20 ± 16.21, which was at the lower limit of the good level, with the highest mean score for nutrition (2.71 ± 0.51) and the lowest mean score for physical activity (2.25 ± 0.56). Stepwise linear regression showed that exercise frequency (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.304–3.885), smoking status (95% CI −4.190 to −1.556), self-efficacy (95% CI 0.071–0.185), health management (95% CI 0.306–0.590), frailty (95% CI −3.327 to −1.162) in the microsystem, marital status (95% CI 0.677–3.660), children's attention to the elderly health (95% CI 4.866–11.305), family care in the mesosystem (95% CI 1.365–4.968), and pre-retirement occupation (95% CI 2.065–3.894), living area (95% CI 0.813–3.912), whether receive community-based chronic disease prevention and management services (95% CI 2.035–8.149), social support (95% CI 1.667–6.493) in the macrosystem were the main factors affecting health promotion of life in the elderly (P < 0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis showed the microsystem accounted for 17.2%, the mesosystem accounted for 7.1%, and the macrosystem accounted for 11.4%. Conclusion: The health promotion lifestyle of the elderly in Hebei Province was at the lower limit of good level. Among them, exercise frequency, children's attention to the elderly health, and pre-retirement occupation played a major role in relation to the health-promoting lifestyle of the elderly. Hence, it needs the joint action of individuals, families, and society to promote the elderly to adopt the health promotion lifestyle and realize healthy aging. Resumen: Objetivo: Explorar los factores relacionados con los estilos de vida saludables de adultos mayores a partir de la teoría del ecosistema social. Diseño: Se realizó un estudio de encuesta transversal para incluir a 627 ancianos de la comunidad de tres ciudades de la provincia de Hebei (Shijiazhuang, Tangshan y Zhangjiakou) de octubre de 2021 a enero de 2022 para encuesta por cuestionario (601 casos válidos). Lugar: Tres ciudades de la provincia de Hebei (Shijiazhuang, Tangshan y Zhangjiakou). Participantes: Seiscientos veintisiete (627) ancianos. Intervenciones: Estudio transversal y de encuesta. Principales medidas: La encuesta se realizó utilizando los datos demográficos generales, la escala de promoción de la salud de vida, la escala de fragilidad, la escala de autoeficacia general, la escala de compromiso con la salud, la escala de autoeficacia general, la escala de adaptabilidad familiar, asociación, crecimiento, afecto y resolución y la escala de apoyo social percibido. Resultados: La puntuación total de estilo de vida en promoción de la salud para los ancianos fue de 100,20 ± 16,21, que se sitúen en el límite inferior del nivel bueno, con la mayor puntuación media para nutrición (2,71 ± 0,51) y la menor puntuación media para actividad física (2,25 ± 0,56). La regresión lineal por pasos mostró que la frecuencia de ejercicio (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%] 1,304 – 3,885), el estado de tabaquismo (IC 95% -4,190 – -1,556), la autoeficacia (IC 95% 0,071 – 0,185), el manejo de la salud (IC 95% 0,306 – 0,590), la fragilidad (IC 95% -3,327 – -1,162) en el microsistema, el estado civil (IC 95% 0,677 – 3.660), la atención de los niños a la salud de los ancianos (IC 95% 4,866 – 11,305), el cuidado familiar en el mesosistema (IC 95% 1,365 – 4,968) y la ocupación previa a la jubilación (IC 95% 2,065 – 3,894), área de residencia (IC 95%: 0,813 – 3,912), recibir servicios comunitarios de prevención y manejo de enfermedades crónicas (IC 95%: 2,035 – 8,149), apoyo social (IC 95%: 1,667 – 6,493) en el macrosistema fueron los principales factores que afectaron la promoción de la salud en los ancianos (p < 0,05). El análisis de regresión jerárquica mostró que el microsistema representaba 17,2%, el mesosistema 7,1% y el macrosistema 11,4%. Conclusión: El estilo de vida de promoción de la salud de los ancianos de la provincia de Hebei estaba en el límite inferior de buen nivel. Entre ellos, la frecuencia de ejercicio, la atención de los niños a la salud de las personas de edad y la ocupación previa a la jubilación desempeñaron un papel importante en relación con el estilo de vida que promueve la salud de las personas de edad. Por lo tanto, se necesita la acción conjunta de los individuos, las familias y la sociedad para promover que los ancianos adopten el estilo de vida de promoción de la salud y tengan un envejecimiento saludable

Aerodynamic Effect of Deflection Angle of Trailing Edge Flap on Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Different Airfoils

Low power efficiency is a critical factor that restricts marketization development of the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). The proposal of the trailing edge flap can change flow structure on blade surface, so as to improve the aerodynamic performance of VAWT. At present, the variation law of aerodynamic performance of different airfoil VAWT with trailing edge flaps is not clear. Based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and the shear stress transport (SST) model, a numerical simulation of 3 H-type VAWTs with different airfoils (NACA0018, NACA0021, and NACA0024) with separated trailing edge flap is conducted. It is found that the results of the validation case are in good agreement with experimental results, which verifies the reliability of this method. Afterwards, 3 basic airfoils and 5 groups of flap deflection angle (-16°, -8°, 0°, 8°, and 16°) parameters are selected to explore the difference in the aerodynamic performance of VAWTs. The results indicate that the positive flap deflection angle in the upwind region can effectively improve blade moment coefficient, and the negative flap deflection angle in the downwind region has a beneficial effect. For the negative flap, the degree of wind energy utilization affected by deflection is positively correlated with airfoil thickness, while for the positive flap, the opposite is true. The research results of this paper can provide an effective reference for application of trailing edge flaps of vertical axis wind turbines

Spatiotemporal Relationships between Air Quality and Multiple Meteorological Parameters in 221 Chinese Cities

Air quality in China is characterized by significant spatial and temporal differences, which are directly related to local meteorological conditions. This study used air quality monitoring data, namely, the air pollution index (API) and air quality index (AQI) between 2005 and 2018, together with meteorological data and identified key meteorological factors that affected the spatial and temporal variation of air quality using a random forest algorithm. The spatial and temporal differences in the threshold values of different meteorological factors affecting the concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2, and O3 were identified. The AQI has the advantages of facilitating higher index values than the API. The air quality showed an improvement from 2005 to 2018. Wind direction and precipitation were the most important meteorological factors affecting the air quality in northern and southern China, respectively, which to some extent reflected the causes and degradation mechanisms of air pollution in the two regions. There were significant spatial and temporal differences in the effects of meteorological factors on the concentrations of different pollutants. The influence of atmospheric pressure on pollutant concentration differed between the east and west. Precipitation and relative humidity in most cities had significant impacts on PM2.5 and PM10. The influence of relative humidity was most significant for SO2 and it also had a great influence on O3, while wind speed had a great influence on NO2. The results of the study confirm the meteorological sensitivity of air quality and provide support for the implementation of regional air pollution prevention and control initiatives

Metal-Organic Frameworks Decorated Cu₂O Heterogeneous Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Styrene

The selective oxidation of styrene with highly efficient, environmentally benign, and cost-effective catalysts are of great importance for sustainable chemical processes. Here, we develop an in situ self-assembly strategy to decorate Cu-based metal-organic framework (MOF) Cu-BDC-NH2 nanocrystals on Cu2O octahedra to construct a series of Cu2O@Cu-BDC-NH2 catalysts for selective oxidation of styrene. Using H2O2 as green oxidants, the optimized sample of Cu2O@Cu-BDC-NH2-8h could achieve 85% styrene conversion with 76% selectivity of benzaldehyde under a mild condition of 40 °C. The high performance of the as-prepared heterogeneous catalysts was attributed to the well-designed Cu+/Cu2+ interface between Cu2O and Cu-BDC-NH2 as well as the porous MOF shells composed of the uniformly dispersed Cu-BDC-NH2 nanocrystals. The alkaline properties of Cu2O and the –NH2 modification of MOFs enable the reaction to be carried out in a base-free condition, which simplifies the separation process and makes the catalytic system more environmentally friendly. Besides the Cu2O octahedra (od-Cu2O), the Cu2O cuboctahedrons (cod-Cu2O) were synthesized by adjusting the added polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and the obtained cod-Cu2O@Cu-BDC-NH2 composite also showed good catalytic performance. This work provides a useful strategy for developing highly efficient and environmentally benign heterogeneous catalysts for the selective oxidation of styrene

Metalloprotease Adam10 suppresses epilepsy through repression of hippocampal neuroinflammation

Abstract Background Mice with pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are characterized by intense hippocampal neuroinflammation, a prominent pathological hallmark of TLE that is known to contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability. Recent studies indicate that Adam10, a member of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein (Adam) family, has been involved in the neuroinflammation response. However, it remains unclear whether and how Adam10 modulates neuroinflammation responses in the context of an epileptic brain or whether Adam10 affects epileptogenesis via the neuroinflammation pathway. Methods Adult male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine to induce TLE. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors carrying Adam10 (AAV-Adam10) or lentiviral vectors carrying short hairpin RNA, which is specific to the mouse Adam10 mRNA (shRNA-Adam10), were bilaterally injected into the hippocampus to induce overexpression or knockdown of Adam10, respectively. The specific anti-inflammatory agent minocycline was administered following status epilepticus (SE) to block hippocampal neuroinflammation. Continuous video EEG recording was performed to analyze epileptic behavior. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and ELISA were performed to determine Adam10 expression as well as hippocampal neuroinflammation. Results In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of Adam10 in the hippocampus suppresses neuroinflammation and reduces seizure activity in TLE mice, whereas knockdown of Adam10 exacerbates hippocampal neuroinflammation and increases seizure activity. Furthermore, increased seizure activity in Adam10 knockdown TLE mice is dependent on hippocampal neuroinflammation. Conclusion These results suggest that Adam10 suppresses epilepsy through repression of hippocampal neuroinflammation. Our findings provide new insights into the Adam10 regulation of development of epilepsy via the neuroinflammation pathway and identify a potential therapeutic target for epilepsy

Determination of Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate in Human Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to a Bioequivalence Study

Isosorbide-5-mononitrate (5-ISMN), an organic nitrate vasodilator, has been widely used worldwide to prevent angina pectoris for more than two decades. A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of 5-ISMN in human plasma. 13C6-5-ISMN is an internal standard, and 5-ISMN was extracted from human plasma (50 µL) with ethyl acetate (200 µL) by a simple liquid-liquid extraction method. The chromatographic separation was carried out on LC-20A (Shimadzu, Japan) using an analytical column ZORBAX XDB-C18 (4.6 × 50 mm, 5 µm), coupled with API 4000 tandem mass spectrometers in a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile (organic phase A) and 2 mM ammonium acetate in water (aqueous phase B) with an isocratic elution of A/B = 90 : 10 (v/v). The total run time was 3.5 min with a small injection volume (5 µL). This method was fully validated in every aspect of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, extraction recovery, and different stabilities. It was proved that the calibration standards within the 5.00–1000 ng/mL concentration range were linear. The lower limit of quantification was 5.00 ng/mL for 5-ISMN. The intrabatch and interbatch accuracy (RE) ranged from −8.8% to 7.1% with precision between 2.4% and 6.6%. The mean values of 5-ISMN extraction recovery and matrix effect were 87.0% and 102.0%, respectively. The fully validated method was successfully applied for a bioequivalence clinical trial of oral 20 mg 5-ISMN tablets in healthy Chinese subjects

Local resection for solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas shows improved postoperative gastrointestinal function and reduced mental stress: a multiquestionnaire survey from a large cohort

Background: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is a rare, low-grade malignant pancreatic tumor with a highly favorable prognosis. Most SPN patients are young and middle-aged women. The main controversial topic for SPN is local resection (LR) versus radical resection (RR). Theoretically, LR could lead to better gastrointestinal function (GIF) and less mental stress. However, no data is available to support this hypothesis. Methods: All SPN patients undergoing surgical treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2001 to 2021 were included in the study. A cross-sectional online multiquestionnaire survey containing 110 questions was sent to them (Clinicaltrial.org, NCT05604716). This online multiquestionnaire survey focused on GIF and mental stress and consisted of eight questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify independent factors impacting GIF and mental stress. Results: A total of 183 cases provided valid results. Among them, 46 patients (25.1%) underwent LR, and 137 (74.9%) underwent RR. Ninety-four cases (51.4%) underwent minimally invasive surgery (MIS), while 89 (48.6%) underwent open surgery. The average GSRS score of the patients was 1.9±0.7, indicating that most suffered from mild gastrointestinal dysfunction. The scores of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in 16 patients (8.7%) and 27 (14.8%) patients, respectively, were beyond 10.0, which indicated clinical depression and anxiety. Additionally, 19 (10.4%) patients reported poor ability to work, and 31(16.9%) patients had significant body image concerns. Compared to other clinicopathological characteristics, LR (LR vs. RR: PHQ-9 score, P=0.018; WAI average score, P=0.010; EORTC QLQ-C30, nine subdomains, P<0.05; GSRS average score, P=0.006) and MIS (MIS vs. open surgery: EORTC QLQ-C30, three subdomains, P<0.05; GSRS average score, P=0.006) were the most significant factors predicting improved GIF and reduced mental stress. Conclusions: This study systematically presents postoperative GIF and mental stress of SPN patients using validated multiquestionnaires for the first time. It provides solid evidence that LR and MIS can improve GIF and reduce mental stress after surgery for SPN patients, which could be helpful for the surgeons to make more personalized surgical plans for their patients