Mutagenetic analysis of the biosynthetic pathway of tetramate bripiodionen bearing 3-(2H-pyran-2-ylidene)pyrrolidine-2,4-dione skeleton

Peer reviewe

Experimental and numerical investigation on axial compression behaviour of prefabricated ECC shell–reinforced concrete column

To improve the mechanical behaviour of traditional reinforcement concrete (RC) column, a novel prefabricated engineered cementitious composite (ECC)–reinforced concrete composite (ECC shell–C) column was proposed in this study. Subsequently, five prefabricated ECC shell–C columns, as well as one cast–in–place (CIP) RC column and one CIP pure ECC column, were designed and manufactured. Then, axial compression tests were carried out to explore their mechanical behaviour with considering the effect of the ECC shell thickness t and stirrup ratio ρv. On this basis, a numerical analysis method for the composite column was developed and verified. And numerical parametric study was carried out to clarify the influence of the design parameters on the axial compression behaviour of the prefabricated ECC shell–RC columns, including the compressive strength of ECC (fc,ecc) and concrete (fc), as well as the longitudinal reinforcement ratio (ρs). The experimental and numerical results demonstrated that the ECC shell can improve cracking resistance, ductility capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the RC column. The accumulated energy dissipation and ductility coefficient of the prefabricated ECC shell–RC columns with different t was 2.13–2.46 times and 1.14–1.35 times greater than those of the RC column, respectively. The ρv had small influence on the bearing capacity of the prefabricated ECC shell–RC columns, which can be appropriately reduced in practical application. The numerical analysis method considering the confinement effect of ECC shell can provide reliable prediction for the axial compression behaviour of prefabricated ECC shell–RC columns. fc,ecc and fc have the positive influence on the bearing capacity of the prefabricated ECC shell–RC columns but have negative influence on the ductility; meanwhile a moderately lower ρs will not significantly reduce the ductility

Tim-3 protects against cisplatin nephrotoxicity by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation

Abstract The impact of Tim-3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3) on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury was investigated in this study. Cisplatin-induced Tim-3 expression in mice kidney tissues and proximal tubule-derived BUMPT cells in a time-dependent manner. Compared with wild-type mice, Tim-3 knockout mice have higher levels of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen, enhanced TUNEL staining signals, more severe 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2’ -deoxyguanosine) accumulation, and increased cleavage of caspase 3. The purified soluble Tim-3 (sTim-3) protein was used to intervene in cisplatin-stimulated BUMPT cells by competitively binding to the Tim-3 ligand. sTim-3 obviously increased the cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis. Under cisplatin treatment conditions, Tim-3 knockout or sTim-3 promoted the expression of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and IL-1β (Interleukin-1 beta) and inhibited the expression of IL-10 (interleukin-10). NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells) P65 inhibitor PDTC or TPCA1 lowed the increased levels of creatinine and BUN (blood urea nitrogen) in cisplatin-treated Tim-3 knockout mice serum and the increased cleavage of caspase 3 in sTim-3 and cisplatin-treated BUMPT cells. Moreover, sTim-3 enhanced mitochondrial oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced BUMPT cells, which can be mitigated by PDTC. These data indicate that Tim-3 may protect against renal injury by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress

Benzodiazepine-Receptor Agonist Utilization in Outpatients with Anxiety Disorder: A Retrospective Study Based on Electronic Healthcare Data from a Large General Tertiary Hospital

Benzodiazepine-receptor agonists (BZRAs), including benzodiazepines (BZDs) and drugs related to BZDs (Z-drugs), are commonly used for anxiety, but often have side effects. We retrospectively investigated the utilization and prescription characteristics of BZRAs for patients with anxiety disorders in a large tertiary care general hospital between 2018 and 2021, based on electronic healthcare records. We also examined the pattern of simultaneous consumption of multiple BZRA drugs, and the diseases coexisting with anxiety that are associated with this. The numbers of patients and BZRA prescriptions increased over the 4 years. Moreover, 7195 prescriptions from 694 patients contained two or more BZRAs, of which 78.08% contained both BZDs and Z-drugs, 19.78% contained multiple BZDs, and 2.14% contained multiple Z-drugs. For anxiety patients with concomitant Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease, and dyslipidemia, they were more likely to consume multiple BZRAs simultaneously, whereas patients with concomitant insomnia, depression, hypertension, diabetes, or tumors were less likely to consume multiple BZRAs (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, older patients who consume multiple BZRAs simultaneously may have higher probabilities of long-term drug use. Better interventions supporting standardized BZD utilization may be needed to minimize the side effects of inappropriate BZRA administration

Efficient Catalytic Performance for Acylation-Nazarov Cyclization Based on an Unusual Postsynthetic Oxidization Strategy in a Fe(II)-MOF

A rare example of SC-SC triggered by Cu²⁺ heterogeneous oxidation was demonstrated in a Fe­(II)-based MOF {[Fe^II₃(L)₂(H₂O)₆]·3H₂O}_<i>n</i> (<b>1</b>), which occurred a slow conversion into an oxidized MOF <b>2</b> ({[Fe^III₃(L)₂(H₂O)₆]·3­(OH)}_<i>n</i>) with retention of single crystallinity. The Fe^II → Fe^III progress of the reaction oxidation was proved by single crystal XRD, PXRD, XPS, ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and UV–vis. We used <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> as catalysts to catalyze the tandem Nazarov cyclization, and the results show that acylation products were only harvested when <b>1</b> was a catalyst, while the oxidized transformer <b>2</b> lead mainly to the formation of cyclization products under identical conditions. Through the test of different substrates, <b>2</b> can be a good heterogeneous catalyst candidate for the formation of cyclopentenone­[<i>b</i>] benzenes. This work provides a new way to design efficient and hard-synthesized heterogeneous catalyst materials

Hydrogen embrittlement behavior of two mining chain steels by slow strain rate test

Two mining chain steels 23MnNiMoCr5-4 and 0.3C0.2Si0.3Mn4.2(Cr+Ni+Mo) with tensile strengths of 1200 MPa and 1250 MPa, respectively, were employed to investigate their hydrogen embrittlement behaviors by slow strain rate tests combined with thermal desorption analyses. It is shown that at initial stage the fracture stress decreases linearly as the hydrogen content increases, and the turning points occur at hydrogen content of 1.2 wppm for 0.3C0.2Si0.3Mn4.2(Cr+Ni+Mo) and 0.26 wppm for 23MnNiMoCr5-4. The fractured surface observation suggests that the ratio of intergranular fracture area to quasi-cleavage area increases dramatically at the turning points. The maximum hydrogen contents resulting from the corrosive HCl solutions with pHs of 2 are approximately 0.6 wppm 0.3C0.2Si0.3Mn4.2(Cr+Ni+Mo) and 0.11 wppm for 23MnNiMoCr5-4, corresponding to the activation energies for hydrogen desorption are 21.57 kJ/mol and 14.53 kJ/mol, respectively

Image_2_Biocontrol activity of Bacillus halotolerans strain Pl7 against Botryosphaeria dothidea causing apple postharvest decay and potential mechanisms.TIF

Apple ring rot, one of the most common apple postharvest diseases during storage, is caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Fungicide application is the most widely used method to control this disease, but the increasing environmental and food safety concerns greatly limit their use. The present study aimed to examine the biocontrol activity and underlying action mechanism of Bacillus halotolerans strain Pl7 against B. dothidea. The results revealed that B. halotolerans strain Pl7 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against B. dothidea by 69% in vitro. The culture filtrate of strain Pl7 possessed cellulase, β-1, 3-glucanase, protease activity and mediated the antifungal activity against B. dothidea. Further analysis demonstrated that culture filtrate of strain Pl7 could cause cell membrane permeabilization of B. dothidea. Apple fruit suffering from ring rot induced by a carbendazim (CBZ)-sensitive or -resistant B. dothidea isolate was much suppressed after being treated with strain Pl7, maintaining postharvest quality. The ability of strain Pl7 to swiftly colonize and thrive in apple fruit wounds was demonstrated by a re-isolation assay. Additional transcriptome studies of untreated and treated apple fruit with strain Pl7 revealed that strain Pl7 mostly changed the expression of genes functioning in plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis and plant-pathogen interaction. In light of these outcomes, the underlying antagonistic mechanism was investigated, and B. halotolerans strain Pl7 was identified as a promsing microbial biocontrol agent against apple postharvest decay.</p

Image_1_Biocontrol activity of Bacillus halotolerans strain Pl7 against Botryosphaeria dothidea causing apple postharvest decay and potential mechanisms.TIF

Apple ring rot, one of the most common apple postharvest diseases during storage, is caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Fungicide application is the most widely used method to control this disease, but the increasing environmental and food safety concerns greatly limit their use. The present study aimed to examine the biocontrol activity and underlying action mechanism of Bacillus halotolerans strain Pl7 against B. dothidea. The results revealed that B. halotolerans strain Pl7 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against B. dothidea by 69% in vitro. The culture filtrate of strain Pl7 possessed cellulase, β-1, 3-glucanase, protease activity and mediated the antifungal activity against B. dothidea. Further analysis demonstrated that culture filtrate of strain Pl7 could cause cell membrane permeabilization of B. dothidea. Apple fruit suffering from ring rot induced by a carbendazim (CBZ)-sensitive or -resistant B. dothidea isolate was much suppressed after being treated with strain Pl7, maintaining postharvest quality. The ability of strain Pl7 to swiftly colonize and thrive in apple fruit wounds was demonstrated by a re-isolation assay. Additional transcriptome studies of untreated and treated apple fruit with strain Pl7 revealed that strain Pl7 mostly changed the expression of genes functioning in plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis and plant-pathogen interaction. In light of these outcomes, the underlying antagonistic mechanism was investigated, and B. halotolerans strain Pl7 was identified as a promsing microbial biocontrol agent against apple postharvest decay.</p