Research on the Construction Path of Power Financial Market in China under the New Situation of Power Reform

In China, with the deepening of power reform and construction of the electricity spot market, urgent and realistic demands have been put forward for the construction of power financial trading market. In this paper, based on the background of power market construction and current power financial transaction practice, the significance of introducing power financial transaction is analysed and the path for construction of power financial transaction market in China is proposed

Author Correction: Magnesium intake and mortality due to liver diseases: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Cohort

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper

Research on the Construction Path of Power Financial Market in China under the New Situation of Power Reform

In China, with the deepening of power reform and construction of the electricity spot market, urgent and realistic demands have been put forward for the construction of power financial trading market. In this paper, based on the background of power market construction and current power financial transaction practice, the significance of introducing power financial transaction is analysed and the path for construction of power financial transaction market in China is proposed

Synergetic development assessment of transboundary watershed ecological compensation

Ecological compensation (EC) is essential to promote the coordinated and sustainable development of the watershed. Firstly, the synergetic development index system of the watershed EC was proposed, which includes the economic benefits, water conservation, pollution treatment, and environmental supervision. Then, the order degree of subsystems was calculated. Finally, the synergetic development level of the watershed EC was evaluated. Taking the upstream (Ma'anshan) and the downstream (Nanjing) of the Chu River as the case study area, the results showed that: (1) From 2011 to 2020, the synergetic development level between Ma'anshan and Nanjing has showed an upward trend; (2) The synergetic development level of the watershed EC in the Chu River has reached basic synergy in 2020; (3) Ma'anshan concentrates on protecting the water ecological environment while Nanjing concentrates on economic growth and water pollution control will improve the synergy degree. This study can provide references for the optimization of watershed EC mechanism, and to promote watershed coordinated development. HIGHLIGHTS The watershed ecological compensation (EC) synergetic development index system is proposed.; The synergy degree between upstream and downstream is analyzed.; The upstream focuses on ecological environment protection while the downstream focuses on water pollution control will improve the efficiency of EC.

Research on the Mode of China’s Power Spot Market

At present, the construction of China’s power spot market is advancing steadily. This paper studies the characteristics and functions of the spot market, analyses the market environment and requirements, studies the key elements and designs the market mode for the spot market under the new situation, and puts forward suggestions for some key problems in the actual operation. This paper can provide reference for promoting the top-level design and operation of China’s power spot market

Mechanism Design of China Ancillary Service Market Considering Provincial and Inter-Provincial Market Characteristics

With the future large-scale access of renewable energy, the electric power system will accelerate the development in the direction of clean and low carbon, especially under a high proportion of renewable energy electric power system, the structure and layout of China’s electric power production has been deeply adjusted. Thus, the balance situation of the power quantity is more complex, the risk of failure chain reaction caused by the simple accident increases greatly. Moreover, with the increase demand for flexible resources in power system, the importance of thermal power plant as well as ancillary service market is highlighted. Considering the difference between provincial and inter-provincial market, an overall mechanism design of China ancillary service market is put forwar

A Facile Synthetic Approach to UV-Degradable Hydrogels

Light-degradable hydrogels have a wide range of application prospects in the field of biomedicine. However, the provision of a facile synthetic approach to light-degradable hydrogels under mild conditions remains a challenge for researchers. To surmount this challenge, a facile synthetic approach to UV-degradable hydrogels is demonstrated in this manuscript. Initially, an UV-degradable crosslinker (UVDC) having o-nitrobenzyl ester groups was synthesized in a single step through the employment of the Passerini three-component reaction (P-3CR). Both 1H NMR and MS spectra indicated the successful synthesis of high-purity UVDC, and it was experimentally demonstrated that the synthesized UVDC was capable of degradation under 368 nm light. Furthermore, this UVDC was mixed with 8-arm PEG-thiol (sPEG20k-(SH)8) to promptly yield an UV-degradable hydrogel through a click reaction. The SEM image of the fabricated hydrogel exhibits the favorable crosslinking network of the hydrogel, proving the successful synthesis of the hydrogel. After continuous 368 nm irradiation, the hydrogel showed an obvious gel-sol transition, which demonstrates that the hydrogel possesses a desirable UV-degradable property. In summary, by utilizing solely a two-step reaction devoid of catalysts and hazardous raw materials, UV-degradable hydrogels can be obtained under ambient conditions, which greatly reduces the difficulty of synthesizing light-degradable hydrogels. This work extends the synthetic toolbox for light-degradable hydrogels, enabling their accelerated development

Seven-Year Running Effect Evaluation and Fate Analysis of Rain Gardens in Xi’an, Northwest China

Rain gardens have recently been studied as important low-impact development (LID) facilities that play a critical role in runoff volume reduction and pollutant purification. Approximately 16–40 rainfall events were monitored from March 2011 to October 2017 in order to determine the running effect of three rain gardens with respect to runoff volume reduction and pollutant purification. In particular, running fate analysis of rain gardens is the key focus in this study. Combined analyses revealed three key points. Firstly, performance assessment demonstrated that rain gardens effectively cut inflow volumes through the filter media; when the confluence area ratio was 6:1–20:1 (confluence ratio = roof area or road/garden area) and the rainfall was approximately 2.8–39.9 mm, the runoff volume reduction rate ranged from 9.8% to 100.0%. However, the average annual runoff reduction rate presented an initially increasing and then gradually decreasing trend with monitoring time. Secondly, according to water quality data in 54 rainfall events, the annual average concentration removal rate of NH4+-N was relatively good, but generally decreased with monitoring time. The concentration removal rate of NO3−-N and total phosphorus (TP) is unstable; however, the removal rate of total suspended solids (TSS) is better than that of total nitrogen (TN). Combined with runoff reduction, the pollutant load reduction by rain gardens is greater than 50%, although this decreases with increasing monitoring time. Thirdly, through the study of 7-year running effect on runoff reduction and pollutant purification, the “three-stage purification (TSP) concept” (periods of purification growth, stability, and attenuation) with respect to pollutant load reduction processes was finally proposed, and a curve chart was drawn for pollutant load reduction and rain garden operating fate (the “P–F” curve chart)

Probabilistic total transfer capability analysis based on static voltage stability region integrated with a modified distributed-level nodal-loading model

In this paper, a new evaluation method of probabilistic TTC based on SVSR calculation is developed through a hierarchical simulation. A smooth technology based on the non-parametric kernel estimator is adapted to obtain the time-dependent probabilistic density function of the feeder-head load data. In order to describe possible operating change directions of the operating point, the original hyper-cone-like (HCL) model is constructed to consider the probabilistic distribution function (PDF) extracted from feeder-head load data to replace the simple Normal Distribution model and the uncertain generator outputs. To realize the fast TTC calculation of the current operating point in random conditions, a sub-hyper-cone-like (SHCL) model in full power injections space is proposed, which is a similarity transformation of the original one