Compressed glassy carbon: An ultrastrong and elastic interpenetrating graphene network

Carbon’s unique ability to have both sp2 and sp3 bonding states gives rise to a range of physical attributes, including excellent mechanical and electrical properties. We show that a series of lightweight, ultrastrong, hard, elastic, and conductive carbons are recovered after compressing sp2-hybridized glassy carbon at various temperatures. Compression induces the local buckling of graphene sheets through sp3 nodes to form interpenetrating graphene networks with long-range disorder and short-range order on the nanometer scale. The compressed glassy carbons have extraordinary specific compressive strengths—more than two times that of commonly used ceramics—and simultaneously exhibit robust elastic recovery in response to local deformations. This type of carbon is an optimal ultralight, ultrastrong material for a wide range of multifunctional applications, and the synthesis methodology demonstrates potential to access entirely new metastable materials with exceptional properties

哺乳動物の小腸と乳腺におけるIgA産生に関する研究

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(農学)甲第19021号農博第2099号新制||農||1030(附属図書館)学位論文||H27||N4903(農学部図書室)31972京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻(主査)教授 久米 新一, 教授 祝前 博明, 教授 廣岡 博之学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Research on the dynamic relationship between listed company team and social financing scale: based on VAR model

Social financing scale is an important indicator reflecting financial services to the real economy. This paper uses the VAR model to explore the dynamic relationship between the ranks of listed companies and the scale of social financing. The empirical results show that: There is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the number of listed companies and the scale of social financing, which can boost the expansion of the scale of social financing, but the expansion of the ranks of listed companies has no obvious effect on the immediate boost of the scale of social financing. The “increase in the number” of listed companies in China may imply “low quality”. The number of listed companies has a delayed effect on the scale of social financing. In the long run, the expansion of the ranks of listed companies does

Synthesis of High-Quality Carbon Nanotube Arrays without the Assistance of Water

Long and high-quality carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays have been synthesized through a chemical vapor deposition process. The Fe/Al2O3 on silicon was used as the catalyst, ethylene as the carbon source, and a gas mixture of Ar and H2 gases as the carrying gas. It is found for the first time that the high-quality and superlong carbon nanotube array can be improved by varying the content of hydrogen and carbon source

A VIRTUAL BRAIN FOR STEREOTACTIC PLANNING AND SUPPORTING NEUROSURGERY

International audienceVisualization has becoming a powerful assistive technology for neurosurgery. This paperintroduces a system for stereotactic neurosurgical planning and support. Using visualizationtechnology the system reconstructs and displays a 3D model of the interior structure of thepatient’s brain. Thus the surgeons can plan for surgery using a computer model. Markerregistration is used to create the mapping between the patient’s head and the brain modelreconstructed in the computer. During the operation a robot arm is used as a navigator to locatethe pre-defined incision site and the orientation of incision route. When the robot arm locates atthe pre-defined site on the patient’s head, it is fixed. Various medical instruments can be installedon the tip of the robot arm. The surgeon can insert a medical instrument into the pre-defined siteof the patient’s head, and the surgery can be implemented successfully with the help of thissystem. Using a virtual environment his system can also be used to teach and train new surgeons

Improving the Transduction Efficiency and Antitumor Effect of Conditionally Replicative Adenovirus by Application of 6-cyclohexyl Methyl-β-D-maltoside

As a tumor-targeting oncolytic adenovirus (Ad), conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRAd) can access the cell interior by binding to coxsackievirus-Ad receptors (CARs) and specifically replicate and destroy cancer cells without lethal effects on normal cells. The transduction efficiency of CRAd is highly dependent on the number of CARs on the cell membrane. However, not all tumor cells highly express CARs; therefore, improving the transduction efficiency of CRAd is beneficial for improving its antitumor effect. In this study, 6-cyclohexyl methyl-β-D-maltoside (6-β-D), as maltoside transfection agent, showed several advantages, including high transfection efficiency, low toxicity, and potential for intensive use and easy operation. With pretreatment of cancer cells with low concentration of 6-β-D (≤5 μg/mL), the transduction efficiency of “model” Ad (eGFP-Ad) was improved 18-fold compared to eGFP-Ad alone. 6-β-D improved the antitumor effect of CRAd while being safe for normal cells, in which treatment with 6-β-D helped the lethal effects of CRAd at a multiplicity-of-infection ratio of 10 (MOI 10) achieve the oncolytic outcomes of MOI 50. This means that if CRAd is combined with 6-β-D, the amount of CRAd used in clinical practice could be greatly reduced without diminishing its curative effect or exposing patients to the potential side effects of high-titer CRAd. Finally, the underlying mechanism of antitumor effect of CRAd + 6-β-D was primarily investigated, and we found that 6-β-D increased the virus’s replication in cancer cells at the early stage of infection and activated the apoptosis signaling pathway at the late stage of the cell cycle. This research will provide an effective technical reference for further improving Ad-mediated cancer gene therapy in clinical practice