Ethyl 1-(4-chloro­benz­yl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C19H17ClN2O2, the pyrazole ring makes dihedral angles of 6.97 (5) and 79.25 (1)°, respectively, with the phenyl and chlorophenyl rings, respectively. In the crystal, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed

Influence of medium modifications (optimization) on high nematicidal activity of the fermentation broth of Clostridium beijerinckii

Introduction: The nematode species Meloidogyne incognita has been responsible for significant financial losses within the agricultural sector. Nematophagous bacteria, characterised by their extensive distribution and broad spectrum of hosts, exhibit remarkable efficacy as natural antagonists against nematodes. Sneb518 (Clostridium beijerinckii) fermentation broth displayed substantial biocontrol activity against M. incognita in previous research. Optimizing fermentation conditions is a fundamental technique for dramatically enhancing end product performance. There has been no such study conducted yet on enhancing the nematicidal activities of Sneb518 (Clostridium beijerinckii) fermentation using response surface methodology (RSM).Methods: The influence of strain Sneb518 fermentation media and conditions on nematicidal activity was examined using the three-factor technique and a Plackett-Burman design, and the interaction between various fermentation factors was examined using a Box-Behnken design. The present study employed response surface methodology (RSM) to examine and enhance the nematicidal activity of Sneb518 culture filtrates by identifying and optimising the influential components.Results: Glucose, peanut cake flour, and potassium chloride as carbon, nitrogen, and inorganic salts displayed considerably increased nematicidal potential in the present study. Furthermore, the corrected mortality of J2 ranged from 52.24% to 91.15% when utilizing the Box-Behnken design. These findings clearly support the application of RSM for medium optimization. Moreover, the outcomes of the validation experiment corresponded to the model predictions.Discussion: This research has enhanced the biocontrol ability of C. beijerinckii to control M. incognita and this research has led to the advancement of new biocontrol agents

Coherent control of a high-orbital hole in a semiconductor quantum dot

Coherently driven semiconductor quantum dots are one of the most promising platforms for non-classical light sources and quantum logic gates which form the foundation of photonic quantum technologies. However, to date, coherent manipulation of single charge carriers in quantum dots is limited mainly to their lowest orbital states. Ultrafast coherent control of high-orbital states is obstructed by the demand for tunable terahertz pulses. To break this constraint, we demonstrate an all-optical method to control high-orbital states of a hole via stimulated Auger process. The coherent nature of the Auger process is proved by Rabi oscillation and Ramsey interference. Harnessing this coherence further enables the investigation of single-hole relaxation mechanism. A hole relaxation time of 161 ps is observed and attributed to the phonon bottleneck effect. Our work opens new possibilities for understanding the fundamental properties of high-orbital states in quantum emitters and developing new types of orbital-based quantum photonic devices.Comment: Manuscript with 14 pages and 6 figures plus supplementary Information comprising 15 pages and 14 figure

Graphene-based fabrics and their applications: a review

[EN] Graphene has emerged as a revolutionary material in different fields of science and engineering due to its extraordinary properties such as: high electron mobility, high thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, easy functionalization, etc. The field of textiles is continuously integrating new materials to provide fabrics with new functionalities, hence its incorporation on fabrics was a logical step. Its application to the field of textiles has been recently reported, which has allowed the development of textiles with different functionalities such as: antistatic, UV-protecting, electroconductive, photocatalytic, antibacterial, thermal conductivity, energy storage in flexible supercapacitors, electrodes for batteries, sensors, etc. Up to date no review has been written regarding graphene-based fabrics and their applications. The present review aims to fill the existing gap and provide perspectives into the preparation and applications of graphene-based fabrics and yarns.J. Molina wishes to thank to the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (contract CTM2011-23583) for the financial support. J. Molina is grateful to the Conselleria d'Educacio, Formacio i Ocupacio (Generalitat Valenciana) for the Programa VALi + D Postdoctoral Fellowship (APOSTD/2013/056).Molina Puerto, J. (2016). Graphene-based fabrics and their applications: a review. RSC Advances. 6:68261-68291. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra12365aS6826168291

Human U87 Astrocytoma Cell Invasion Induced by Interaction of βig-h3 with Integrin α5β1 Involves Calpain-2

It is known that βig-h3 is involved in the invasive process of many types of tumors, but its mechanism in glioma cells has not been fully clarified. Using immunofluorescent double-staining and confocal imaging analysis, and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we found that βig-h3 co-localized with integrin α5β1 in U87 cells. We sought to elucidate the function of this interaction by performing cell invasion assays and gelatin zymography experiments. We found that siRNA knockdowns of βig-h3 and calpain-2 impaired cell invasion and MMP secretion. Moreover, βig-h3, integrins and calpain-2 are known to be regulated by Ca2+, and they are also involved in tumor cell invasion. Therefore, we further investigated if calpain-2 was relevant to βig-h3-integrin α5β1 interaction to affect U87 cell invasion. Our data showed that βig-h3 co-localized with integrin α5β1 to enhance the invasion of U87 cells, and that calpain-2, is involved in this process, acting as a downstream molecule

Protein Kinase Cδ Stimulates Proteasome-Dependent Degradation of C/EBPα during Apoptosis Induction of Leukemic Cells

BACKGROUND:The precise regulation and maintenance of balance between cell proliferation, differentiation and death in metazoan are critical for tissue homeostasis. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) has been implicated as a key regulator of differentiation and proliferation in various cell types. Here we investigated the potential dynamic change and role of C/EBPalpha protein during apoptosis induction. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Upon onset of apoptosis induced by various kinds of inducers such as NSC606985, etoposide and others, C/EBPalpha expression presented a profound down-regulation in leukemic cell lines and primary cells via induction of protein degradation and inhibition of transcription, as assessed respectively by cycloheximide inhibition test, real-time quantitative RT-PCR and luciferase reporter assay. Applying chemical inhibition, forced expression of dominant negative mutant and catalytic fragment (CF) of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta), which was proteolytically activated during apoptosis induction tested, we showed that the active PKCdelta protein contributed to the increased degradation of C/EBPalpha protein. Three specific proteasome inhibitors antagonized C/EBPalpha degradation during apoptosis induction. More importantly, ectopic expression of PKCdelta-CF stimulated the ubiquitination of C/EBPalpha protein, while the chemical inhibition of PKCdelta action significantly inhibited the enhanced ubiquitination of C/EBPalpha protein under NSC606985 treatment. Additionally, silencing of C/EBPalpha expression by small interfering RNAs enhanced, while inducible expression of C/EBPalpha inhibited NSC606985/etoposide-induced apoptosis in leukemic cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:These observations indicate that the activation of PKCdelta upon apoptosis results in the increased proteasome-dependent degradation of C/EBPalpha, which partially contributes to PKCdelta-mediated apoptosis

The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Studying the Complex Magnetic Field of L43

We present observations of polarized dust emission at 850 μm from the L43 molecular cloud, which sits in the Ophiuchus cloud complex. The data were taken using SCUBA-2/POL-2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as a part of the BISTRO large program. L43 is a dense (NH 10 22 2 ~ –1023 cm−2) complex molecular cloud with a submillimeter-bright starless core and two protostellar sources. There appears to be an evolutionary gradient along the isolated filament that L43 is embedded within, with the most evolved source closest to the Sco OB2 association. One of the protostars drives a CO outflow that has created a cavity to the southeast. We see a magnetic field that appears to be aligned with the cavity walls of the outflow, suggesting interaction with the outflow. We also find a magnetic field strength of up to ∼160 ± 30 μG in the main starless core and up to ∼90 ± 40 μG in the more diffuse, extended region. These field strengths give magnetically super- and subcritical values, respectively, and both are found to be roughly trans-Alfvénic. We also present a new method of data reduction for these denser but fainter objects like starless cores