2,347 research outputs found
Pyrolysis of Low-Rank Coal: From Research to Practice
Low-rank coal (LRC), as a conventional fossil fuel, has wealth of reserves and a wide range of distribution around the world, and pyrolysis is thought to be an easy way for clean and efficient conversion of LRC. In this chapter, the characteristics and world’s reservation of LRC are introduced. Then, the chemical reactions and product formation process during pyrolysis of LRC are described. Meanwhile, how the factors, such as temperature, minerals in coal, heating rate, particle size and atmosphere, influence the pyrolysis process are discussed. Finally, three LRC pyrolysis-based polygeneration systems are illustrated for recent developments on LRC industrial practice
Single-layer behavior and slow carrier density dynamic of twisted graphene bilayer
We report scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) of
twisted graphene bilayer on SiC substrate. For twist angle ~ 4.5o the Dirac
point ED is located about 0.40 eV below the Fermi level EF due to the electron
doping at the graphene/SiC interface. We observed an unexpected result that the
local Dirac point around a nanoscaled defect shifts towards the Fermi energy
during the STS measurements (with a time scale about 100 seconds). This
behavior was attributed to the decoupling between the twisted graphene and the
substrate during the measurements, which lowers the carrier density of graphene
simultaneously
Job Satisfaction by Chinese Primary Care Doctors Following Health Care Reform
The purpose of this study is to compare primary care doctors’ job satisfaction and factors associated with it before and after the latest health care reform in China. Data for the study were obtained from China Primary Care Workforce Surveys conducted in 2008 and 2011. Compared to results from the 2008 survey, primary care doctors (PCDs) in the 2011 survey were more satisfied with their jobs overall as well as work conditions and equipment, but less satisfied with their income. In both surveys rural CHC and village clinic doctors were less satisfied than their urban counterparts with their jobs overall, income, work condition, and equipment. Logistic regressions showed that practice setting (i.e. urban, rural, or village) and educational level were two important factors associated with job satisfaction. These findings demonstrated both significant achievements and further efforts to be made to strengthen primary care workforce and enhance their job satisfaction
Variability in the impacts of partisan conflict: a new perspective from bank credit
The purpose of this article is to analyse the impact of partisan conflict
on bank credit, and take the global financial crisis as the time
node to analyse the variability of this impact before and after the
financial crisis. This article examines the impacts of partisan conflict
on the bank credit by employing the US data covering the past
40 years and captures the variability in the effects of partisan conflict
based on the rolling sample and time-varying parameter VAR
analysis. The full sample results reveal that one standard deviation
partisan conflict shock will shrink the bank credit growth rate to
nonfinancial sectors, and the negative effects of partisan conflict on
bank credit are more substantial after the global financial crisis. The
rolling sample and time-varying parameter VAR analysis further confirm
that the impacts of partisan conflict shock have varied substantially
over time, where bank credit still negatively reacts to the
impacts of partisan conflict in recent periods. Additionally, we estimate
two extended models and support the intermediate role of
economic policy uncertainty in transmitting the partisan conflict
and the substitution effect of cross-border bank lending on domestic
bank credit. Finally, our major results are unchanged by performing
a series of robustness checks. The conclusion of this article is
that partisan conflict has a significant impact on bank credit and
shows obvious variability, which is more significant after the global
financial crisis
Tetrakis(μ2-phenylacetato-κ2 O:O′)bis[(isoquinoline-κN)copper(II)]
In the title centrosymmetric binuclear CuII complex, [Cu2(C8H7O2)4(C9H7N)2], the two Cu cations are bridged by four carboxylate groups of the phenylacetate anions; each Cu cation is further coordinated by an isoquinoline ligand to complete the distorted CuO4N square-pyramidal geometry. The Cu cation is displaced by 0.2092 (8) Å from the basal plane formed by the four O atoms. Within the dinuclear molecule, the Cu⋯Cu separation is 2.6453 (6) Å. Although a parallel, overlapped arrangement of isoquinoline ligands exists in the crystal structure; the longer face-to-face distance of 3.667 (5) Å suggests there is no π–π stacking between isoquinoline ring systems
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