Programas de manejo de plantas daninhas na cultura do feijão-caupi em Sinop-MT

A cultura do feijão-caupi ainda não possui herbicidas registrados para controle de plantas daninhas, dificultando seu manejo legal em áreas extensivas no Estado de Mato Grosso. Com isso, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar diferentes programas de manejo de plantas daninhas na cultura do feijão-caupi. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, sendo 20 tratamentos, incluindo duas testemunhas (com e sem capina). Avaliou-se a fitotoxicidade dos tratamentos herbicidas à cultura aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a última aplicação (DAA), a porcentagem de controle de Digitaria horizontalis, Eleusine indica, Tridax procumbens e Digitaria insularis (0 a 100%) e em relação ao feijãocaupi, avaliou-se a massa seca por planta, o número de plantas m -1 e a altura de plantas aos 28 DAA e a produtividade na colheita. O programa 17 (glyphosate + imazethapyr (dessecação) / s-metolachlor (pré) / bentazon (pós) não proporcionou nenhum sintoma de intoxicação nas plantas desde a primeira avaliação, enquanto a associação cloransulammethyl + sethoxydim em pós-emergência (programas 7 e 16) causaram maior intoxicação nas plantas de feijão-caupi na avaliação aos 7 DAA. Os programas de controle com dessecação, aplicação de herbicida pré-emergente e herbicida pós-emergente apresentam produtividades iguais à testemunha capinada, à exceção da aplicação em pós-emergência de imazamox + bentazon. Os programas com glyphosate associado a herbicida residual (imazethapyr) na dessecação com a aplicação em pós-emergência das associações imazamox + bentazon + fluazifop-p-butyl e ethoxysulfuron + fluazifop-p-butyl também apresentam produtividade igual à testemunha capinada

1-Methyl-7-(4-nitro­phen­yl)-3-phenyl­pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridine-6,8(3H,7H)-dione

In the title compound, C21H13N5O4, the dihedral angles formed between the planes of the phenyl and nitro­phenyl rings and that of the heterotricyclic plane are 41.29 (7) and 61.35 (6)°, respectively. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯O interactions help to establish the packing

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in patients with multiple sclerosis

BACKGROUND: The extracranial venous outflow routes in clinically defined multiple sclerosis (CDMS) have never been investigated. METHODS: Sixty-five patients affected by CDMS, and 235 controls composed, respectively, of healthy subjects, healthy subjects older than CDMS patients, patients affected by other neurological diseases, and older controls not affected by neurological diseases but scheduled for venography (HAV-C), blindly underwent a combined transcranial and extracranial Color-Doppler high-resolution examination (TCCS-ECD) aimed at detecting at least two of five parameters of anomalous venous outflow. According to the TCCS-ECD screening, patients and HAV-C further underwent selective venography of the azygous and jugular venous system with venous pressure measurement. RESULTS: CDMS and TCCS-ECD venous outflow anomalies were dramatically associated (OR 43, 95% CI 29-65, p<0.0001). Subsequently, venography demonstrated in CDMS, and not in controls, the presence of multiple severe extracranial stenosis, affecting the principal cerebrospinal venous segments; it configures a picture of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) with four different patterns of distribution of stenosis and substitute circle. Moreover, relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive courses were associated to CCSVI patterns significantly different from those of primary progressive (p<0.0001). Finally, the pressure gradient measured across the venous stenosies was slightly but significantly higher. CONCLUSION: CDMS is strongly associated with CCSVI, a picture never been described so far, characterized by abnormal venous haemodynamics determined by extracranial multiple venous strictures of unknown origin. The location of venous obstructions plays a key role in determining the clinical course of the disease

A review on the formation of heteronuclear cold molecules

Is the characterization of biological systems as complex systems in the mathematical sense a fruitful assertion? In this paper we argue in the affirmative, although obviously we do not attempt to confront all the issues raised by this question. We use the fly's visual system as an example and analyse our experimental results of one particular neuron in the fly's visual system from this point of view. We find that the motion-sensitive ‘H1’ neuron, which converts incoming signals into a sequence of identical pulses or ‘spikes’, encodes the information contained in the stimulus into an alphabet composed of a few letters. This encoding occurs on multilayered sets, one of the features attributed to complex systems. The conversion of intervals between consecutive occurrences of spikes into an alphabet requires us to construct a generating partition. This entails a one-to-one correspondence between sequences of spike intervals and words written in the alphabet. The alphabet dynamics is multifractal both with and without stimulus, though the multifractality increases with the stimulus entropy. This is in sharp contrast to models generating independent spike intervals, such as models using Poisson statistics, whose dynamics is monofractal. We embed the support of the probability measure, which describes the distribution of words written in this alphabet, in a two-dimensional space, whose topology can be reproduced by an M-shaped map. This map has positive Lyapunov exponents, indicating a chaotic-like encoding.FAPESPCNP

Observation of cold Rb2 molecules trapped in an optical dipole trap using a laser-pulse-train technique

In this work, we have developed and characterized a laser-pulse-train technique to observe cold Rb2 molecules trapped in an optical dipole trap. The molecules are produced in a magneto-optical trap, and then loaded into a crossed optical dipole trap. The time evolution of the molecular population is obtained by applying a laser pulse train, which photoionizes the ground-state molecules through intermediate molecular bands. Our results show that this technique allows us to obtain a faster data acquisition rate of the time evolution of the molecule population than other techniques.FAPESPINCT-IQCNP

Controlled-Release Fertilizer in the Production of Seedlings of Anonna cacans Warm.

The use of controlled-release fertilizers is a promising alternative for supplying nutrients during the initial growth of nursery seedlings. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of different doses of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) on initial growth and nutritional status in seedlings of Anonna cacans Warm. The seeds were originally sown in a seedbed and then, after initial seedling development, were transplanted into polyethylene bags containing a substrate of washed medium sand, to which different doses of CRF had been added before transplanting. The experimental design was completely randomised, with four treatments, five doses of Osmocote® NPK 19-06-10 formulation (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 g L-1 of substrate), with four replications, each replication comprising three seedlings (one in each container) Increases in root-collar diameter and plant height were determined throughout the experimental period (6 months) from data collected every 30 days after transplanting. At the end of the experiment the following were evaluated: height, root-collar diameter, N concentration, chlorophyll index, chlorophyll concentration (a, b and total) and leaf area. Root-collar diameter and height showed a positive linear response to increases in the fertilizer dose. From a 4 g L-1 dose of CRF, the nutrient supply added to the substrate of medium sand optimises the initial phase of plant growth and guarantees the adequate nutritional status of Anonna cacans, and can be suggested as a viable technique for use in forest nurseries, and one which results in efficient use of the input material and avoids fertilizer wastage