DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF POORLY WATER-SOLUBLE DRUG BY CYCLODEXTRINS INCLUSION COMPLEXATION

Objective: Solubility of a drug is an important property that mainly influences the extent of oral bioavailability. Enhancement of oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs is the most challenging aspects of drug development. It is very important to find appropriate formulation approaches to improve the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of poorly aqueous soluble drugs. Ezetimibe is a new lipid lowering agent in the management of hypercholesterolemia. The drug is water-insoluble, lipophilic, and highly permeable according to the pharmaceutical classification system. Therefore, the bioavailability of ezetimibe may be improved by increasing its solubility. Methods: In present work solubility of ezetimibe was increased with inclusion complexes by a different technique like physical mixture, co-grinding and modified kneading method. The physical properties of the prepared inclusion complex of ezetimibe were characterised by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and in vitro dissolution studies. Results: From the dissolution studies of ezetimibe with HP-β-cyclodextrin(1:1 and 1:2), we conclude that the prepared complexes of ezetimibe with HP-β-cyclodextrin (1:2) by modified kneading method showed higher release i.e. 88.35% in 60 min. than in (1:1) 76.75% in 60 min. So, ezetimibe with HP-β-cyclodextrin (1:2) inclusion complex was used to formulate tablet by direct compression method. Conclusion: From the dissolution data of formulated tablets was observed that drug release was more in tablet dosage form as compared to plain ezetimibe and especially formulation in a ratio of 1:2 was found the promising result. Also from one-month stability data shows no significant change compared to the initial result

Alcohol Detection with Black Box System

This system provides a novel technique to curb drunken individuals. The system has an alcohol device embedded on the steering of the automobile. Whenever the driving force starts ignition, the device measures the content of the alcohol in his breath and mechanically switches off the automobile if he's drunken. During this system the device delivers a current with a linear relationship to the alcohol molecules from zero to terribly high concentration. The output of the device is fed to the picmicrocontroller for comparison. If the measured worth reaches the brink, relay bring to an end mechanically and also the buzzer produces sound

Unlocking the synergetic potential of cobalt iron phosphate and multiwalled carbon nanotube composites towards supercapacitor application

To date, bimetallic phosphates have not been much explored in supercapacitor applications. Interestingly, these materials hold significant potential for energy storage due to the existence of multiple oxidation states and the presence of numerous phosphorus atoms, each contributing to a substantial number of electron clouds. Present research emphasises the electrochemical performance of composite electrodes consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cobalt iron phosphate (Co3Fe4(PO4)6). These electrodes have demonstrated exceptional performance and achieved a specific capacity of 3320 C g−1 (3688 F g−1) at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 maintaining 87% stability even after 5000 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles. The electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) was estimated to be 700 cm2 for Co3Fe4(PO4)6 and 1625 cm2 for MWCNTs/Co3Fe4(PO4)6 composites. Additionally, the designed and tested large-area (10 × 4 cm2) liquid-configured symmetric device exhibited an impressive energy density (ED) of 52.3 W h kg−1 and power density (PD) of 3.5 kW kg−1. The fabricated device showed outstanding stability with a 98% capacity retention after 5000 cycles, reflecting the remarkable durability of the designed system. To illustrate its real-world applicability, the constructed device underwent a 10 s charging to power a DC fan for 110 s.</p

Rain Water Management Techniques for Cotton-Based Cropping Systems

Not AvailableOut of 329 M ha geographical area of the country, potential human induced land degradation is reported to be as high as 187.7M ha (Paroda, 1998). At least 57.1 % of geographical area of the country suffers from different forms of land degradation and out of it, water erosion accounts for 65% land degradation. A large variety of soils spreading all over Indian sub continent are derived from a wide range of geographical rocks and parent material, interacting with soil forming features like climate, vegetation and topography for varying time period. The capacity of soil to produce is limited by intrinsic characteristics, agro-ecological setting and land and water management practices (Bhaskar et al., 2002). Proper identification, characterization and efficient land use management could increase the productivity of degraded lands (Bhaskar et al., 2004). Cotton is one of the most important cash (commercial and fibre) crop of the country, occupying an area of 8.5 M ha with an average yield of about 440 kg lint ha- 1, which is very low as compared to world average (650 kg lint ha-1).NAT

Age-Dependent Oxidative Stress Elevates Arginase 1 and Uncoupled Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle of Aged Mice

Aging is associated with reduced muscle mass (sarcopenia) and poor bone quality (osteoporosis), which together increase the incidence of falls and bone fractures. It is widely appreciated that aging triggers systemic oxidative stress, which can impair myoblast cell survival and differentiation. We previously reported that arginase plays an important role in oxidative stress-dependent bone loss. We hypothesized that arginase activity is dysregulated with aging in muscles and may be involved in muscle pathophysiology. To investigate this, we analyzed arginase activity and its expression in skeletal muscles of young and aged mice. We found that arginase activity and arginase 1 expression were significantly elevated in aged muscles. We also demonstrated that SOD2, GPx1, and NOX2 increased with age in skeletal muscle. Most importantly, we also demonstrated elevated levels of peroxynitrite formation and uncoupling of eNOS in aged muscles. Our in vitro studies using C2C12 myoblasts showed that the oxidative stress treatment increased arginase activity, decreased cell survival, and increased apoptotic markers. These effects were reversed by treatment with an arginase inhibitor, 2(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid (ABH). Our study provides strong evidence that L-arginine metabolism is altered in aged muscle and that arginase inhibition could be used as a novel therapeutic target for age-related muscle complications

Bone Marrow Derived Extracellular Vesicles Activate Osteoclast Differentiation in Traumatic Brain Injury Induced Bone Loss

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major source of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Patients suffering from TBI exhibit a higher susceptibility to bone loss and an increased rate of bone fractures; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Herein, we observed significantly lower bone quality and elevated levels of inflammation in bone and bone marrow niche after controlled cortical impact-induced TBI in in vivo CD-1 mice. Further, we identified dysregulated NF-&kappa;B signaling, an established mediator of osteoclast differentiation and bone loss, within the bone marrow niche of TBI mice. Ex vivo studies revealed increased osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow-derived cells from TBI mice, as compared to sham injured mice. We also found bone marrow derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from TBI mice enhanced the colony forming ability and osteoclast differentiation efficacy and activated NF-&kappa;B signaling genes in bone marrow-derived cells. Additionally, we showed that miRNA-1224 up-regulated in bone marrow-derived EVs cargo of TBI. Taken together, we provide evidence that TBI-induced inflammatory stress on bone and the bone marrow niche may activate NF-&kappa;B leading to accelerated bone loss. Targeted inhibition of these signaling pathways may reverse TBI-induced bone loss and reduce fracture rates