ABO-Incompatible Liver Transplantation in Acute Liver Failure: A Single Portuguese Center Study

INTRODUCTION: ABO-incompatible liver transplantation (ABOi LT) is considered to be a rescue option in emergency transplantation. Herein, we have reported our experience with ABOi LT including long-term survival and major complications in these situations. PATIENT AND METHODS: ABOi LT was performed in cases of severe hepatic failure with imminent death. The standard immunosuppression consisted of basiliximab, corticosteroids, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil. Pretransplantation patients with anti-ABO titers above 16 underwent plasmapheresis. If the titer was above 128, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was added at the end of plasmapheresis. The therapeutic approach was based on the clinical situation, hepatic function, and titer evolution. A rapid increase in titer required five consecutive plasmapheresis sessions followed by administration of IVIG, and at the end of the fifth session, rituximab. RESULTS: From January 2009 to July 2012, 10 patients, including 4 men and 6 women of mean age 47.8 years (range, 29 to 64 years), underwent ABOi LT. At a mean follow-up of 19.6 months (range, 2 days to 39 months), 5 patients are alive including 4 with their original grafts. One patient was retransplanted at 9 months. Major complications were infections, which were responsible for 3 deaths due to multiorgan septic failure (2 during the first month); rejection episodes (4 biopsy-proven of humoral rejections in 3 patients and 1 cellular rejection) and biliary. CONCLUSION: The use of ABOi LT as a life-saving procedure is justifiable in emergencies when no other donor is available. With careful recipient selection close monitoring of hemagglutinins and specific immunosuppression we have obtained acceptable outcomes

Compreender a Recorrência dos Mixomas Cardíacos. Um Caso Clínico

Recurrence of cardiac myxoma is a rare condition, observed in about 3% of patients in sporadic cases, although it is more frequent in familial ones. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain such recurrence, and the importance of increased vascularization as a facilitating feature is the subject of debate. The authors report the case of a non-familial right atrial myxoma, unusual for both its histopathology and recurrence

Calcifilaxia: Revisão da Literatura a Propósito de 2 Casos Clínicos

Calciphylaxis is a rare and devastating obliterative vasculopathy, leading to ischemia and subcutaneous necrosis. In most cases it affects patients with renal disease and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We present two case reports followed recently in our department, and a literature review on this topic. Case one refers to an 80 -year -old Caucasian woman with chronic kidney disease stage 5 and primary hyperparathyroidism with secondary brown tumour and calciphylaxis. Case two refers to a 59 -year -old Caucasian woman admitted with severe nephrotic syndrome associated with amyloidosis, that developed a catastrophic picture of calciphylaxis, ending in the patient’s death. There is a critical need to understand the pathogenesis of calciphylaxis. Its comprehension is the only way to improve the survival of these patients, and may help to elucidate the pathophysiology of vascular calcification in general. Educating physicians in the prevention and early detection of calciphylaxis is crucial. Only by increasing the knowledge about risk factors, pathophysiology, response to treatment and outcome, will we be able to improve prophylaxis and therapy of patients with calciphylaxis, decreasing the high mortality of this entity

Fistulização para o Cólon de Sonda Jejunal de PEG-J num Doente Tratado com Infusão de Duodopa®: Caso Clínico

The continuous delivery of a levodopa/carbidopa gel suspension (Duodopa®) into the small bowel through a jejunal tube inserted via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy represents a new treatment method in advanced Parkinson disease. Some severe device-related complications have been described in the last few years. Some of them are associated with phytobezoar formation at the pigtail of the catheter. We present the case of a Parkinson disease patient treated with the Duodopa infusion system complicated by jejunal tube fistulization into the colon. We suggest a possible treatment strategy for this complication, which has not been described in the literature to date.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetic Ulcers: an Evidence Problem

Introdução: A Diabetes Mellitus representa a principal causa de amputação dos membros inferiores, com importantes custos económicos para os serviços de saúde. O principal factor de risco para a amputação é o desenvolvimento de úlceras diabéticas, sendo acompanhada de uma elevada taxa de mortalidade aos cinco anos. A isquemia por afecção do território macrovascular é um factor fisiopatológico essencial no desenvolvimento de úlceras isquémicas. Os tratamentos existentes são prolongados e associados a elevadas taxas de insucesso e recidiva, exigindo a combinação de múltiplas modalidades terapêuticas. A laserterapia de baixa potência tem sido usada como terapêutica adjuvante do pé diabético, desde a década de 60 do século XX, devido aos seus hipotéticos efeitos estimuladores da microcirculação e da reparação tecidular. Material e Métodos: Identificação de estudos científicos publicados através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica da Pubmed, The Cochrane Library e Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Discussão e Conclusões: A evidência existente é favorável para modelos celulares in vitro, mas conflituosa em modelos animais e populações humanas. Existe uma grande heterogeneidade metodológica, que pode ser responsável pelos resultados discordantes. São propostas orientações para estudos futuros neste âmbito, nomeadamente a caracterização detalhada das úlceras e os parâmetros de tratamento com laser. São necessários estudos bem controlados, duplamente ocultos e aleatorizados. Seguindo o primum non nocere, a laserterapia pode ser utilizada como terapêutica adjuvante no tratamento do pé diabético, uma vez que é incruenta, de rápida aplicação e de baixo custo, sem efeitos adversos significativos

Atividade Física e Exercício Físico: Especificidades no Doente Cardíaco

A atividade física é atualmente um comportamento de grande importância para a promoção de um estilo de vida saudável, contudo vários estudos têm demonstrado elevada prevalência de inatividade e comportamentos sedentários nas pessoas com doença cardiovascular. Uma prática regular de atividade física e de exercício físico em níveis adequados assegura diversos benefícios para a pessoa com doença cardiovascular. Programas de reabilitação cardíaca e de prevenção secundária têm como um dos principais objetivos o incentivo à adoção de estilos de vida mais ativos. Neste artigo de revisão, os conceitos e recomendações sobre a atividade física e o exercício físico estruturado em pessoas com doença cardiovascular, vão ser abordados

Recomendação de Baveno VI Sobre Evicção da Endoscopia de Rastreio em Doentes com Cirrose: Já Lá Estamos?

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies assessed the predictive value of liver transient elastography, combined or not with platelet count, for the presence of esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis, and multiple cutoffs have been proposed. The Baveno VI consensus states that patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease, liver stiffness 150,000 have a very low risk of having varices requiring treatment and can avoid screening endoscopy. We aimed to validate this recommendation in a cohort of cirrhotic patients. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all patients evaluated at the Gastroenterology Department (Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central) between September 2009 and October 2015 with a liver stiffness (FibroScan®) compatible with liver cirrhosis as well as upper endoscopy and blood tests within 12 months from elastography. Patients on propranolol ≥80 mg/day or carvedilol ≥12.5 mg/day, as well as those with previous variceal bleeding, variceal endoscopic treatments, or cirrhosis decompensations were excluded. We validated the new Baveno VI recommendation and explored alternative cutoffs. RESULTS: Ninety-seven patients were analyzed, 76.3% (74/97) male, mean age 54.3 ± 11.2 years. Most patients (55.7%) had no varices and 14.4% had varices requiring treatment. Most patients (78.4%) had cirrhosis related to chronic hepatitis C. If the new Baveno VI recommendation had been applied to this cohort, upper endoscopy would have been avoided in 11.3% (11/97) of patients, none of them with esophageal varices requiring treatment: specificity 100%, sensitivity 13.3%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictive value 16.3% for absence of varices requiring treatment. If screening endoscopy had been avoided in those patients with liver stiffness <30 kPa and platelet count ≥120,000, endoscopy would have been avoided in 27.8% (27/97) of patients, none of whom with esophageal varices requiring treatment: specificity 100%, sensitivity 32.5%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictive value 20% for absence of varices requiring treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The new Baveno VI criteria identified compensated cirrhotic patients without varices requiring treatment in whom screening endoscopy could have been avoided safely. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and potentially explore more ambitious but still safe cutoffs for those criteria.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Bone Densitometry Versus Bone Histomorphometry in Renal Transplanted Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Bone loss leads to increase risk of fractures in renal transplantation. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between bone densitometry (DXA) findings, bone histomorphometry and bone-related molecules 1-year after renal transplantation. We performed a cross-sectional study of de novo renal transplanted patients that agreed to perform a bone biopsy and a DXA examination 1 year after transplantation. All patients underwent a laboratory evaluation, bone biopsy, DXA examination and cardiac CT 1 year after transplantation. 67 patients were included, 16 had a normal examination, and 18 patients were classified as having osteoporosis by DXA. Correlations between bone mineral density and T-scores of total femur and femoral neck were the ones that best correlated with bone volume assessed by a bone biopsy. The sensitivity of DXA for osteoporosis diagnosis was 47.0%, and the specificity was 81.2%. The positive predictive value was 50.0%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 80.0%. DXA parameters also correlated with klotho and sclerostin serum levels. In this population, a normal examination excluded the presence of osteoporosis, helping in identifying patients that would not benefit from therapy. Overall, densitometry in total femur and femoral neck correlated well with bone volume measured by bone biopsy.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Impact of Donor Risk Index, Recipients’ and Operative Characteristics on Post Liver Transplant One-Year Graft Failure: A Cohort Analysis

Background and Aims: The donor risk index (DRI) quantifies donor-related characteristics potentially associated with increased risk of early graft failure. We aimed to assess the impact of the DRI, recipient and perioperative factors on post liver transplant (LT) outcomes. Methods: This was a singlecenter retrospective cohort study including all adult (≥18 years) patients who underwent LT from 01/2019 to 12/2019 at Curry Cabral Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal. Primary endpoint was 1-year graft failure post LT. Associations were studied with logistic regression. Results: A total of 131 cadaveric donor LT procedures were performed in 116 recipients. Recipients’ median (IQR) age was 57 (47–64) years and 101/131 (77.1%) were males. Cirrhosis was the underlying etiology in 95/131 (81.2%) transplants. Based on 8 predefined donors’ characteristics, median (IQR) DRI was 1.96 (1.67–2.16). Following adjustment for MELDNa score pre LT and SOFA score (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91 [0.56–1.47]) or lactate (aOR [95% CI] = 2.76 [0.71–10.7]) upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission post LT, DRI was not associated with 1-year graft failure. However, higher SOFA score (aOR [95% CI] = 1.20 [1.05–1.37]) or lactate (aOR [95% CI] = 1.27 [1.10–1.46]) upon ICU admission post LT were independently associated with higher odds of 1-year graft failure. Conclusions: In a recent cohort of patients who underwent LT, DRI, despite being high, was not associated with 1-year graft failure, but SOFA score or lactate upon ICU admission post LT were.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio