Clinic and virologic aspects useful in the implementation of a influenza A model in lines of mice Balb/C

El virus Infuenza en humanos ocupa el primer lugar dentro de las enfermedades infecciosas y el cuarto puesto dentro de las causas de muerte, por tanto a partir de la necesidad de diseñar el biomodelo de la gripe en ratón nos hemos trazado como objetivo adaptar la cepa del virus Influenza A/Sidney/5/97 (H3N2) en líneas de ratones Balb/C, con el fin de desarrollar y evaluar un biomodelo experimental de la gripe humana y establecer los principales parámetros virológicos, clínicos e histopatológicos que deberán ser tomados en cuenta para la utilización de este biomodelo. Durante un período de siete días se observó la evolución clínica experimentada tanto del grupo inoculado con el virus como su control negativo respectivo. Al grupo inoculado les fue administrado intranasalmente 50 µL (25 µL por cada fosa nasal), de la cepa viral en estudio. Como resultados más relevantes, se encontró que entre el tercer y quinto día, los signos como erizamiento en la zona del cuello, respiración agitada y letargo, fueron los que se manifestaron en mayor cuantía, principalmente en los animales inoculados del segundo y tercer pase del virus. El análisis virológico de las muestras de tejido pulmonar, arrojó que la mayor carga viral se detectó en el tercer pase, con una dosis infectiva media por embrión (DIE50) de 10-5.7 y un título hemaglutinante de 32 unidades hemaglutinantes. Las alteraciones principales relacionadas con la infección del virus en el grupo de animales inoculados fueron: descamación epitelial de células bronquiales, congestión septal, hiperplasia papilar del epitelio bronquial e inflamación intersticial, lesiones que en su conjunto son indicadoras de una neumonía intersticial. Las posibles implicaciones de estos resultados para evaluar el biomodelo de la gripe son presentadas en este trabajo, llegando como conclusión que el biomodelo es válido.The Infuenza viruses in humans squatter the first place inside the infectious illnesses and the fourth position inside the causes of death, therefore starting from the necessity of designing the animal model of the flu in mouse have traced ourselves as objective to adapt the stump of the Influenza A/Sidney/5/97(H3N2) viruses in lines of mice Balb/C, with the purpose of to develop and to evaluate an experimental animal model of the human flu and to establish the main virologic, clinical and histopatologic parameters that will be taken into account for the use of this animal model. During a period of seven days the clinical evolution experienced by mice inoculated with the viruses as well as mice not inoculated (negative control) was observed. To the inoculated group it was administered them intranasal 50 µL (25µL for each nasal grave), of the viral stump in study. As more outstanding results, it was found that among the third and fifth day, the signs like bristled in the area of the neck, upset breathing and lethargy, were those that showed in more quantity, mainly in the inoculated animals of the second and third pass of the viruses. The virologic analysis of the samples of lung fabric, threw that the biggest viral load was detected in the third pass, with a dose half infective for embryo ((DIE50) of 10-5.7 and an hemaglutinant title of 32 units. The main alterations related with the infection of the viruses in the group of inoculated animals were: epithelial flake of bronchial cells, congestion septal, hyperplasia papilar of the bronchial epithelium and interstitial inflammation, injure that in their group they are indicative of an interstitial pneumonia. The possible implications of these results to evaluate the animal model of the flu are presented in this work, arriving as conclussion that the animal model is valid.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Clinic and virologic aspects useful in the implementation of a influenza A model in lines of mice Balb/C

El virus Infuenza en humanos ocupa el primer lugar dentro de las enfermedades infecciosas y el cuarto puesto dentro de las causas de muerte, por tanto a partir de la necesidad de diseñar el biomodelo de la gripe en ratón nos hemos trazado como objetivo adaptar la cepa del virus Influenza A/Sidney/5/97 (H3N2) en líneas de ratones Balb/C, con el fin de desarrollar y evaluar un biomodelo experimental de la gripe humana y establecer los principales parámetros virológicos, clínicos e histopatológicos que deberán ser tomados en cuenta para la utilización de este biomodelo. Durante un período de siete días se observó la evolución clínica experimentada tanto del grupo inoculado con el virus como su control negativo respectivo. Al grupo inoculado les fue administrado intranasalmente 50 µL (25 µL por cada fosa nasal), de la cepa viral en estudio. Como resultados más relevantes, se encontró que entre el tercer y quinto día, los signos como erizamiento en la zona del cuello, respiración agitada y letargo, fueron los que se manifestaron en mayor cuantía, principalmente en los animales inoculados del segundo y tercer pase del virus. El análisis virológico de las muestras de tejido pulmonar, arrojó que la mayor carga viral se detectó en el tercer pase, con una dosis infectiva media por embrión (DIE50) de 10-5.7 y un título hemaglutinante de 32 unidades hemaglutinantes. Las alteraciones principales relacionadas con la infección del virus en el grupo de animales inoculados fueron: descamación epitelial de células bronquiales, congestión septal, hiperplasia papilar del epitelio bronquial e inflamación intersticial, lesiones que en su conjunto son indicadoras de una neumonía intersticial. Las posibles implicaciones de estos resultados para evaluar el biomodelo de la gripe son presentadas en este trabajo, llegando como conclusión que el biomodelo es válido.The Infuenza viruses in humans squatter the first place inside the infectious illnesses and the fourth position inside the causes of death, therefore starting from the necessity of designing the animal model of the flu in mouse have traced ourselves as objective to adapt the stump of the Influenza A/Sidney/5/97(H3N2) viruses in lines of mice Balb/C, with the purpose of to develop and to evaluate an experimental animal model of the human flu and to establish the main virologic, clinical and histopatologic parameters that will be taken into account for the use of this animal model. During a period of seven days the clinical evolution experienced by mice inoculated with the viruses as well as mice not inoculated (negative control) was observed. To the inoculated group it was administered them intranasal 50 µL (25µL for each nasal grave), of the viral stump in study. As more outstanding results, it was found that among the third and fifth day, the signs like bristled in the area of the neck, upset breathing and lethargy, were those that showed in more quantity, mainly in the inoculated animals of the second and third pass of the viruses. The virologic analysis of the samples of lung fabric, threw that the biggest viral load was detected in the third pass, with a dose half infective for embryo ((DIE50) of 10-5.7 and an hemaglutinant title of 32 units. The main alterations related with the infection of the viruses in the group of inoculated animals were: epithelial flake of bronchial cells, congestion septal, hyperplasia papilar of the bronchial epithelium and interstitial inflammation, injure that in their group they are indicative of an interstitial pneumonia. The possible implications of these results to evaluate the animal model of the flu are presented in this work, arriving as conclussion that the animal model is valid.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Ovariectomy-induced chronic abdominal hypernociception in rats: Relation with brain oxidative stress

Context: Ovarian hormone deficiency observed in menopausal women increases the production of reactive oxygen species, which could be implicated in central sensitization subjacent in chronic functional pain syndromes. Aims: To examine the hyperalgesic state induced by ovariectomy in adult rats and its relation to some oxidative stress outcomes. Methods: The female Wistar rats were divided into normal, sham ovariectomized (OVX) and OVX groups, which were tested for mechanical and thermal hypernociception during 6 weeks and a single acetic acid-induced test 6 weeks after surgery. Redox biomarkers determinations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity, glutathione (GSH) and nitrates/nitrites as an indicator of nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were determined in the brain and cerebellum of 6 animals of each group. Results: Exclusivity OVX rats developed a robust state of mechanical hypernociception and allodynia in the abdomen, hindlimbs and proximal tail. Besides, thermal pain thresholds (hot plate) decreased. That was established 3-4 weeks after OVX and lasted for the 6 weeks of the experiment. Increases in visceral sensitivity were also observed in OVX rats. SOD enzyme activity decreased in OVX rats, which showed major deficit for this enzymatic defense under visceral inflammatory injury. However GSH concentrations were increased in brain of OVX animals that allow the balance during acute inflammation. NO concentrations were raised only in OVX rats exposure to chemical inflammatory injury. Conclusions: OVX in rats provide a useful model, which mimics the functional pain in females that could be related with brain oxidative stress

Healing effects and irritant assays of a 1% Calendula officinalis cream

El proceso de cicatrización de una herida en la piel involucra la compleja interacción de mu- chos tipos de células y ocurre como una cascada secuencial de procesos solapados e íntimamente relaciona- dos. A Calendula officinalis L. se le atribuyen efectos curativos sobre las lesiones de la piel como cicatrizante, por lo que se estudió el efecto cicatrizante e irritante ocular dérmico y oftálmico de una crema al 1% de Calendula officinalis L. sobre la cicatrización de heridas abiertas en piel de ratas así como la evaluación de su índice de irritabilidad dérmica y oftálmica en conejos. Luego del análisis histopatológico y clínico, se comprobó que la crema favorece el proceso de la cicatrización en piel de ratas, además resultó ser no irritante tras su administración en piel y ojos de conejos con un índice de irritabilidad 0 y 0,83, res- pectivamente. Estos resultados demuestran el posible uso de la crema como futuro agente fitoterapeútico.The healing process of a skin wound involves the complex interaction of many types of cells and a sequence of sneaky and closely related processes take place. As to Calendula officinalis L. are referred healing effects on the lesions of the skin, the healing effect and the dermal and ophthalmic ocular irritant effects of a 1% cream of Calendula officinalis L. on the scaring of wounds opened up in skin of rats was studied, as well as the evaluation of its index of dermal and ophthalmic irritability in rabbits. The histopatologic and clinical analysis showed that the cream favors the process of the scaring in skin of rats; it also turned out to not be irritating after its administration in skin and eyes of rabbits with an index of irritability 0 and 0.83, respectively. These results demonstrate the possible use of the cream like possile phytoterapeutic agent.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Healing effects and irritant assays of a 1% Calendula officinalis cream

El proceso de cicatrización de una herida en la piel involucra la compleja interacción de mu- chos tipos de células y ocurre como una cascada secuencial de procesos solapados e íntimamente relaciona- dos. A Calendula officinalis L. se le atribuyen efectos curativos sobre las lesiones de la piel como cicatrizante, por lo que se estudió el efecto cicatrizante e irritante ocular dérmico y oftálmico de una crema al 1% de Calendula officinalis L. sobre la cicatrización de heridas abiertas en piel de ratas así como la evaluación de su índice de irritabilidad dérmica y oftálmica en conejos. Luego del análisis histopatológico y clínico, se comprobó que la crema favorece el proceso de la cicatrización en piel de ratas, además resultó ser no irritante tras su administración en piel y ojos de conejos con un índice de irritabilidad 0 y 0,83, res- pectivamente. Estos resultados demuestran el posible uso de la crema como futuro agente fitoterapeútico.The healing process of a skin wound involves the complex interaction of many types of cells and a sequence of sneaky and closely related processes take place. As to Calendula officinalis L. are referred healing effects on the lesions of the skin, the healing effect and the dermal and ophthalmic ocular irritant effects of a 1% cream of Calendula officinalis L. on the scaring of wounds opened up in skin of rats was studied, as well as the evaluation of its index of dermal and ophthalmic irritability in rabbits. The histopatologic and clinical analysis showed that the cream favors the process of the scaring in skin of rats; it also turned out to not be irritating after its administration in skin and eyes of rabbits with an index of irritability 0 and 0.83, respectively. These results demonstrate the possible use of the cream like possile phytoterapeutic agent.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Anti-allodynic Effect of Mangiferin in Rats With Chronic Post-ischemia Pain: A Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I

The present study reproduces chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP), a model of complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I), in rats to examine the possible transient and long-term anti-allodynic effect of mangiferin (MG); as well as its potential beneficial interactions with some standard analgesic drugs and sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction and vasodilator agents during the earlier stage of the pathology. A single dose of MG (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased mechanical allodynia 72 h post-ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). MG 100 mg/kg, i.p. (pre- vs. post-drug) increased von Frey thresholds in a yohimbine and naloxone-sensitive manner. Sub-effective doses of morphine, amitriptyline, prazosin, clonidine and a NO donor, SIN-1, in the presence of MG were found to be significantly anti-allodynic. A long-term anti-allodynic effect at 7 and 13 days post-I/R after repeated oral doses of MG (50 and 100 mg/kg) was also observed. Further, MG decreased spinal and muscle interleukin-1β concentration and restored muscle redox status. These results indicate that MG has a transient and long-term anti-allodynic effect in CPIP rats that appears to be at least partially attributable to the opioid and α2 adrenergic receptors. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms could also be implicated in this effect. The association of MG with sub-effective doses of these drugs enhances the anti-allodynic effect; however, an isobolographic analysis should be performed to define a functional interaction between them. These findings suggest the possible clinical use of MG in the treatment of CRPS-I in both early sympathetically maintained pain and long-term sympathetically independent pain