Spatial Models Developed Using Laser Scanning at Gas Condensate Fields in the Northern Construction-Climatic Zone

Wide exploration and industrial exploitation of hydrocarbon fields in Yamal Peninsula pose in front of construction and mining companies critical problems of efficient construction at constantly evolving fields taking into account climatic and geocryological conditions of their location. Yamal Peninsula is characterized by unstable soils, the mobility of which has a substantial impact on the changes in spatial arrangement of field facilities, not only in the direct process of construction, but also during their scale-up and equipment overhaul. The paper examines implementation of 3D spatial arrangement modelling of industrial facilities into the process of construction and installation works at hydrocarbon fields in the northern construction-climatic zone. The purpose of implementing this method combined with 3D spatial modelling of equipment connections lies in reliability and safety enhancement of the facilities throughout their entire lifespan. Authors analyze statement and solution of the problem associated with alignment and installation of prefabricated equipment and pipelines, taking into account advanced technologies of 3D design and modelling. The study examines a 3D spatial model with the elements of equipment connection geometry; the model is related to existing production facilities at the field. Authors perform an analysis and in mathematical terms formulate the problem of optimal spatial arrangement for such models. The paper focuses on typical deviations, occurring in the installation process of constructions and connection facilities, their spatial arrangement is modelled. Possible solutions are offered, as well as an algorithm of their implementation at an operating field

TOPOGRAPHIC-GEODETIC AND CARTOGRAPHIC SUPPORT OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

A version of the project of the concept of topographic, geodetic and cartographic support of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation based on the use of modern means and tools is presented, including its content. The results of the development in the Arctic, carried out with the participation of the authors in 1961-1967 and 1975-1992, are presented in detail. The strategic importance and great attention of the state structures to the development of the Arctic zone is underlined. The key moments of the development of topographic, geodetic and cartographic support for this region are given. The role of leading research institutes in this process is shown. The proposed concept includes six stages. When creating a planimetric geodetic base, the authors recommend an alternative innovative algorithm for determining the height H without first calculating the latitude B and use only satellite measurements. The extremely important question of converting geodetic coordinates B, L into rectangular plane coordinates x, y is considered. For the territory of the Russian Federation new developments are proposed, they use data from satellite determinations, a new approach to the determination of normal heights and the conversion of rectangular space coordinates into rectangular plane coordinates necessary for mapping. The required regulations of reference documentation for the topographic survey of the shelf are shown. The importance of implementing the concept in connection with the definition of the outer boundary of the continental shelf of the Arctic Ocean is shown

Why honey is effective as a medicine. 1. Its use in modern medicine

Honey has been used as a medicine for thousands of years and its curative properties are well documented. However, modern medicine turned its back on honey and it is only now, with the advent of multi-resistant bacteria, that the antibiotic properties of honey are being rediscovered

Эффективность и безопасность кабозантиниба у пациентов с распространенным почечно-клеточным раком: российское многоцентровое наблюдательное исследование

Purpose: an assessment of efficacy and safety of cabozantinib in unselected patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the first and subsequent lines of therapy.Materials and methods. Russian multicenter observational study included 92 consecutive patients with morphologically verified metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with cabozantinib (60 mg/d) in 16 Russian centers. Median age of the patients was 56 (19-79) years, a male-to-female ratio - 3:1. At the start of cabozantinib therapy 27.2 % of patients had ECOG PS 2. Most common histological type of kidney cancer was clear-cell RCC (90.2 %). Most patients were diagnosed with synchronous (71.7 %) multiple metastases (60.9 %). Previous nephrectomy was performed in 87.0 % of cases. Prognosis according to International Metastatic Renal Cancer Database Consortium (IMDC) score was assessed as favorable in 5.4 %, intermediate - in 58.7 % and poor - in 35.9 % patients. Cabozantinib as the first-line therapy was administered in 9 (9.8 %), following 1-5 lines of systemic treatment - in 83 (90.2 %) cases. Median follow-up was 11 (2.3-44.5) months.Results. In patients, receiving cabozantinib as the first-line therapy, objective response rate was 66.7 %, tumor control was reached in 100 % of cases. Median time to the objective response was 2.6 (1.9-3.6) months, median objective response duration - 13.2 (6.2-21.5) months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were not reached, 6- and 12-months PFS was 77.8 % and 77.8 %, 6- and 12-months OS - 88.9 % and 88.9 % respectively. Cabozantinib as the second and subsequent lines of therapy provided objective response rate of 34.9 %, tumor control rate - 97.6     %. Median time to the objective response was 2.5 (1.8-4.1) months, median objective response duration - 12.6 (5.5-27.3) months. Median PFS was not reached (6- and 12-months PFS - 92.5 % and 73.1 % respectively), median OS was 32.6      months (6- and 12-months OS - 97.4 % and 80.8 % respectively). Any adverse events (AE) developed in 88.8 %, AE grade III-IV - in 32.6 % of cases. Most frequent AE grade III-IV included arterial hypertension (18.5 %), diarrhea (6.5 %) and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (6.5 %). Unacceptable toxicity demanded treatment cancellation in 2.2 %, therapy interruption - in 16.3 % and dose reduction - in 30.4 % of patients.Conclusion. Cabozantinib as the first and subsequent lines of therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients in the real world practice demonstrated high efficacy and better tolerability comparing with population assigned for cabozantinib monotherapy in the randomized phase II-III trials.Цель исследования - оценка эффективности и безопасности кабозантиниба у неотобранных пациентов с метастатическим почечно-клеточным раком в 1-й и последующих линиях терапии.Материалы и методы. В многоцентровое обсервационное исследование было последовательно включено 92 пациента с морфологически верифицированным метастатическим почечно-клеточным раком, получавшие кабозантиниб (60 мг/сут) в 16 российских центрах. Медиана возраста больных составила 56 (19-79) лет, соотношение мужчин и женщин - 3:1. На момент старта терапии кабозантинибом ECOG PS 2 имел место у 27,2 % пациентов. Наиболее частым гистологическим вариантом рака почки являлся светлоклеточный (90,2 %). У большинства больных диагностированы синхронные (71,7 %) множественные метастазы (60,9 %). Предшествующая нефрэктомия выполнена в 87,0 % случаев. Прогноз по шкале International Metastatic Renal Cancer Database Consortium (IMDC) был расценен как благоприятный у 5,4 %, промежуточный - у 58,7 % и неблагоприятный - у 35,9 % больных. Кабозантиниб в качестве терапии 1-й линии применялся в 9 (9,8 %), после 1-5 линий системной терапии - в 83 (90,2 %) случаях. Медиана наблюдения за всеми пациентами составила 11 (2,3-44,5) мес.Результаты. У больных, получавших кабозантиниб в качестве терапии 1-й линии, частота объективного ответа составила 66,7 %, контроль над опухолью достигнут в 100 % случаев. Медиана времени до объективного ответа равнялась 2,6 (1,9-3,6) мес, медиана продолжительности объективного ответа - 13,2 (6,2-21,5) мес. Медианы беспрогрессивной выживаемости (БПВ) и общей выживаемости (ОВ) не достигнуты, 6- и 12-месячная БПВ составила 77,8 и 77,8 %, 6- и 12-месячная ОВ - 88,9 и 88,9 % соответственно. Кабозантиниб в качестве 2-й и последующих линий терапии обеспечил частоту объективного ответа 34,9 % и частоту контроля над опухолью, достигшую 97,6 %. Медиана времени до объективного ответа составила 2,5 (1,8-4,1) мес, медиана продолжительности объективного ответа - 12,6 (5,5-27,3) мес. Медиана БПВ не достигнута (6- и 12-месячная БПВ - 92,5 и 73,1 % соответственно), медиана ОВ составила 32,6 мес (6- и 12-месячная ОВ - 97,4 и 80,8 % соответственно). Любые нежелательные явления развились в 88,8 %, нежелательные явления III-IV степени - в 32,6 % случаев. Наиболее частыми нежелательными явлениями III-IV степени были артериальная гипертензия (18,5 %), диарея (6,5 %) и ладонно-подошвенная эритродизестезия (6,5 %). Неприемлемая токсичность потребовала отмены лечения у 2,2 %, прерывания терапии - у 16,3 % и снижения дозы - у 30,4 % больных.Заключение. Кабозантиниб в 1-й и последующих линиях терапии метастатического почечно-клеточного рака в реальной мировой практике продемонстрировал высокую эффективность и лучшую переносимость по сравнению с результатами рандомизированных исследований II-III фаз