Failures to Cure and Diagnose Cervical Cancer

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in developing countries and the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Using the screening test, cancer can be detected in the early stages and, thus, mortality will be reduced. Also, the early detection of cervical cancer could affect survival rate and time. But, the diagnostic and therapeutic methods of this disease are usually accompanied by errors that deduct the success rate.Methods: In this study, a variety of common errors in the detection and treatment of cervical cancer were investigated by reviewing and evaluating scientific resources.Results: Studies show the different medical failures during sampling, preparation, review, and interpretation of the sample. On the other hand, inappropriate operation and errors in the treatment pathway are common errors after diagnosis. Because of the types of these errors, preparing the information of papers investigating the possible types of errors and observing accuracy will play a significant role in reducing the failures.Conclusion: Because of the fact that cervical cancer is fully curable with proper and timely diagnosis, the early diagnosis is important and it is the responsibility of doctors, pathologists, and surgeons in this area. Therefore, monitoring and preventing errors in the diagnosis and treatment is directly associated with a reduction in the mortality rate of the disease

The Modification of the Education System in a Medical Faculty in Iran During the COVID-19 Outbreak

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an important effect on medical education. Universities around the world responded to the crisis by announcing the immediate closure and substituted the in-person sessions with online ones.Methods: Iran University of Medical Sciences designed a platform for medical students. To maintain the social distance, only onethird of students living in the dormitory were present at the dormitory in this condition. Some training courses were divided into two parts and each group was supposed to participate in given courses in-person for 15 days. The crash courses were trained on all days of the week. Then, the first group left the dormitories and was replaced with the second group, and they used dormitories for 15 days after being disinfected. Besides, for the best use of time, students who could not present in these 15-day training courses took part in virtual training programs.Results: It is depopulate the educational sessions at hospitals and classes in educational sectors. Besides, using the virtual classroom software given by the university, students can take part in virtual training programs.Conclusion: Using this platform, the number of trainees, as well as the gathering of students at dormitories, was reduced

A Concise Review of Intellectual Disability and Puberty Problems Based on the Laws of Different Countries

Intellectual Disability (ID) is characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and behavioral adaptations. Patients with ID have a wide range of problems affecting the quality of life in these cases and their parents, as well

Prognosis and Complications of Attempted Suicidal Hanging

Background: Hanging is a form of strangulation, in which the body is suspended through the neck and the weight of the body acts as a constricting force. This study assessed various factors on the outcome of hanging and identification of prognostic factors related to the outcomes.Methods: Ninety-nine hanging victims from 1995 to 2015 in Iran were evaluated; then, variables such as the cause of death, distribution of mortality, duration of hospitalization, substance abuse consumption, respiratory distress, and cerebral edema were studied in these people. Finally, the data were analyzed.Results: Major cases of suicide by hanging were men. In connection with prognosis, about 12% of the deaths occurred in men and about 21% were represented in women. More importantly, in the matter of suspension, the model was largely incomplete to complete. Also, the outcomes of pulmonary stress and cerebral edema were recognized in association with the type of hanging and mortality prognosis.Conclusion: Only two risk factors, including loss of consciousness at the time of entry into the medical center, as well as the complete suspension, would be predictive operations of death and unsuccessful revival

Gender Identification Based on the Parameters of the Sternum Bone in the Cadavers

Background: Identifying identity in the absence of large bones becomes more difficult and complicated; accordingly, it is highly beneficial to use the features of the sternum. The present study aimed to evaluate the dimensions of the sternum and its relation with gender in the Iranian population.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 cadavers (100 men and 100 women). By performing an autopsy, the sternum bone was first cut in the midline using a vibrating saw, and the different dimensions were measured using a caliper.Results: Among different dimensions related to the sternum, the mean length of manubrium, mesosternum, the largest width of manubrium, and the shortest width of manubrium were significantly higher in men compared to women. Regarding the value of each sternal diameter in discriminating male and female gender, the highest discriminative value was specified to the shortest width of manubrium (cutoff: 26.75, sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 84.0%), followed by the length of sternebrae 1 (cutoff: 8.45, sensitivity: 76.0%, specificity: 21.0%).Conclusion: Measuring various indices of sternum bone, particularly the shortest width of the manubrium and the length of sternebrae 1, leads to gender identity accurately

The Measurement of Height Via 3D Scans of the Seventh Cervical Vertebra in Iranian Adults

Background: The cervical vertebrae are more durable than other skeletal components, and maybe the only remains of a deceased, and their role in determining the height of the deceased has been underestimated. The present study investigated the role of linear differential dimensions of the seventh cervical vertebrae in determining the height of the Iranian adult population using CT scans.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, height were evaluated by 10 indices of the seventh cervical vertebra. The indices were obtained through a CT scan of 66 adult patients, ≥18 years of age, who referred to Rasoul Akram and Firoozgar hospitals for spine CT scan. The sampling method was random, and the study was performed during the first six months of 2018. Results: Four indices of the Length of the Inferior Facets) LIF, (Length of the Inferior Surface of the Vertebral Body) LIVB, (Width of the Inf surface of the Vertebral Body) WIVB, (Length of Spinous Process ) LSP. were statistically significant differences.Conclusion: The results of this study show the accuracy of linear dimensions of the seventh cervical vertebrae for determining height from skeletal remains in the Iranian adult population

Evaluation of Characteristics of Inpatient Falls in Rasoul Akram Hospital

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Estimating Stature and Gender by the Length of the Third, Fourth, and Fifth Fingers of Dominant Hand in Iranian Adults

Background: Stature and gender are essential parameters of forensic anthropology. Moreover, their estimation is critical for medico-legal investigations to identify unknown remains. The present study aimed to estimate stature and gender by the anthropometric dimensions of the Iranian population’s third, fourth, and fifth fingers.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 199 individuals (99 men & 100 women) were included. Individuals’ demographic information was recorded. A caliper measured the length of the fingers. An anthropometer was used for the measurement of stature. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS. A multivariate linear regression test was used to predict the stature of individuals based on finger length.Results: In males and females, a solid and positive direct relationship was observed between the length of the third, fourth, and fifth fingers of the hand with the stature of individuals and between the length of the fingers with each other. In the coefficient table of the regression model of this study, in males, the length of the fingers was not predictive of stature, and only the length of the third finger in females had a predictive effect on stature.Conclusion: According to the obtained results, stature is predictable in women through the third finger length using the derived regression equation

Investigating Emergency Nurses’ Awareness on the Differentiation Between Acute Methanol and Ethanol Intoxication

Background: Alcohol intoxication is among the leading and preventable causes of death, disability, and injury in numerous societies. Ethanol and methanol are the most commonly used types of alcohol. Increasing nurses’ awareness about the difference between intoxication with these two alcohol types will prevent the occurrence of dangerous and deadly complications of intoxication. We investigated the awareness of the nurses respecting the difference between acute methanol and ethanol intoxication in clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 2020 on the emergency nurses from two educational hospitals. A total of 100 nurses participated in this study. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, including demographic characteristics and questions concerning the identification and differentiation of acute methanol from ethanol intoxication. Moreover, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS v. 20 at the significance level of P<0.05. Results: The present research results suggested that 21% of the examined nurses had a low level of awareness (<7) and 79% had a moderate level of awareness (8-13). The mean score of awareness was measured as 8.71 (range: 2-12). Nurses’ awareness was not related to age, gender, the duration of working experience, and educational level (P>0.05).Conclusion: The awareness of nurses regarding alcohol poisoning is moderate. Due to the importance of differentiating ethanol from methanol toxicity, considering the outcomes of the patients, nurses’ awareness should be increased

The Credibility of Cephalogram Parameters in Gender Identification From Medico-Legal Relevance Among the Iranian Populatio

Background: Normal cephalogram parameters seem to be gender discriminative and thus applicable in forensic medicine. We assessed validity of cephalogram parameters in gender identification among the Iranian population.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 Iranian men and 75 Iranian women aged 25 to 54 years. On their first admission, the physicians requested for simple lateral skull X-ray for all participants.Results: Using area under the ROC curve, gonion-gonion index (AUC=0.741) and vertex- mention index (AUC=0.697) had a moderate value to discriminate male from female gender, while other parameters lacked enough power to differentiate gender. The best cut-off point in gonion-gonion index for discriminating male from female gender was 103.75 with a sensitivity of 74.7% and a specificity of 65.3%. Also, the best cut-off value for vertex-mention index to differentiate two genders was 244.75 with a sensitivity of 74.7% and a specificity of 62.7%. By considering two parameters of gonion-gonion and vertex-mention, it is possible to differentiate males from females with a sensitivity of 82.6% and a specificity of 71.8%.Conclusion: The two gonion-gonion and vertex-mention indices on cephalogram are applicable for gender discrimination