Insomnia Levels In Elderly At Griya Santo Yosef And Panti Surya Before And After The Lavender Aromatherapy Treatment

Introduction: The process of aging that occurs in elders will decrease their physiology functions, such as their lack of sleep, both timewise and quality-wise. This situation will cause sleep problems in elders, such as insomnia. Insomnia could be treated by using both pharmacology and non-pharmacology. Lavender aromatherapy treatment is one of the nonpharmacology relaxation therapies that could help manage insomnia in older adults. Aim: Knowing the difference of insomnia levels before and after the lavender aromatherapy treatment in elders. Methods: This examination is using Quasi Experiment of the treatment group and the control group. Furthermore, the idea of this experiment is to use a pre-test and post-test control group design approach. For sample earnings, consecutive sampling technique is used by picking a sample that is qualified for inclusion criteria, and that is not included in the exclusion criteria. Thus, the minimum sample could be fulfilled. The statistics test is using a Chi-Square test. Result: The result of insomnia level before and after aromatherapy treatment using the ChiSquare analysis (p=0,000) shows that there isa difference that is due to the intervention. In the treatment group, there were 14 participants with mild insomnia and seven participants with severe insomnia. The result shows that 14 participants did not have insomnia, and seven other participants have mild insomnia. Meanwhile, the control group shows no difference in their insomnia, but decreasing in their score. Conclusion: Elders with lavender aromatherapy treatment for one week have shown declining insomnia level from severe to mild, and for the mild level of insomnia problems become cured, However, those who were given placebo shows no difference

COVID-19 THERAPY: COMPARISON EFFECTIVITY BETWEEN REMDESIVIR AND FAVIPIRAVIR

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) is the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease of global concern(1). Remdesivir and favipiravir are antiviral drugs that are considered COVID19 therapy, as described in Indonesia's 3rd COVID-19 Management Guidelines. They have a similar mechanism, specifically by inhibiting RNA dependent RNA polymerase of the virus (3). Several studies have reported that patients who were treated with these antivirals had a shorter hospital stays (4–6). However, the comparison of efficacy between remdesivir and favipiravir is still unknown.Methods: An observational analytic study was done using a retrospective cohort design. Eighty-eight medical records of COVID-19 patients between January 2021 to August 2021 are collected by consecutive sampling techniques, and this research was carried out at Gotong Royong Hospital Surabaya.Results: Based on the statistical analysis test, there was no clinical improvement difference found, neither patients received remdesivir nor favipiravir based on their clinical manifestations, such as ventilation support and chest X-ray, measured by WHO ordinal scale (p=0,486 ; p>0,05 on the first week and p=0,942 ; p>0,05 on the second week).Conclusions: Improved clinical manifestations were seen in the second week of therapy, either in patients who received remdesivir or favipiravir, but there was no significant effectivity difference between those drugs

Peak Expiration Flow Prediction Value In The Elderly With The Tai Chi Training

Introduction: With increasing age, the elderly is more vulnerable to various physical disorders. One of them is a decrease in respiratory system function due to decreased respiratory muscle mass. Tai Chi training can be used as a health facility to maintain an excellent respiratory system. Purpose: Find out the difference between peak expiration flow prediction values in the elderly who do and do not participate in Tai Chi training. Method: This research used an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional design and used purposive sampling technique. The sample of this research was the elderly aged 6075 years who meet the inclusion criteria APE measurements were carried out three times, and the  highest value was taken. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test with a computer program. Results: The data showed that APE value in the elderly who participated in Tai Chi training was 319.3 ± 91.42 while the elderly who did not take Tai Chi training was 265.6 ± 67.04. Statistical test results showed significant difference Conclusion: Based on Mann Whitney's statistical calculations, it can be seen that the significance value or p-value is 0.036 <0.05. It means that there is a significant difference in the average predicted value of peak  expiratory flow between elderly who take Tai Chi training with elderly who do not take Tai Chi training, where APE in the elderly who practice Tai Chi is greater than the elderly who do not practice Tai Chi. 

The Association Between Risk Factors and Ultrasound-Based Grades of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type-2 Diabetes Patients

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become more common as the cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. The liver disease is highly prevalent in people with type-2 diabetes. Indonesia is not spared from the global epidemic of type-2 diabetes. The ultrasound examination is clinically easy-to-use, economical and non-invasive as a tool to detect NAFLD, compared to the gold standard, liver biopsy. To date, there has been no study in Indonesia to link risk factors and ultrasound-based severity grading of NAFLD. Aim: To understand the association between risk factors and ultrasound-based grades of NAFLD in patients with type-2 diabetes. Method: The present study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design (May-October 2018) that involved 82 type-2 diabetes outpatients of the internal medicine clinic in the Gotong Royong Hospital (Surabaya, Indonesia). The risk factors assessed were gender, age, diabetes duration, obesity (anthropometric measurement: body mass index/ BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio), glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c/ HbA1c level) and dyslipidemia (lipid profile: total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein/ LDL, high-density lipoprotein/ HDL and triglyceride). The ultrasound-based grades of NAFLD consisted of grade 0 (no NAFLD), grade 1 (increased liver echogenicity with normal images of intrahepatic vessel lines and diaphragm), grade 2 (blurred image of intrahepatic vessel lines) and grade 3 (blurred images of intrahepatic vessel lines and diaphragm). Statistical p-value was significant at ≤ 0.05. Results: Seventy-eight subjects (95,1%) had NAFLD. The ultrasound-based NAFLD grades were significantly different across age groups (Kruskal-Wallis) but the Spearman's rank correlation test result was not significant. Body mass index and total cholesterol were positively correlated (r = 0.390 and 0.237, respectively) with the NAFLD grades. Conclusion: Higher BMI and total cholesterol are associated with increased ultrasound-based NAFLD grades