QFD NA TRADUÇÃO DOS REQUISITOS DOS CLIENTES EM QUALIDADE DOS SERVIÇOS NOS POSTOS DE COMBUSTÍVEL

O consumidor está se tornando cada vez mais exigente em vários aspectos, principalmente no quesito qualidade no atendimento, nos produtos e nos serviços. E essa percepção age em todos os locais frequentados, inclusive em postos de combustíveis. É diante desse cenário que o trabalho em questão tem o objetivo de aplicar o método do desdobramento da função qualidade (QFD) gerando um modelo de melhoramento dos serviços em um posto de combustível. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso em um posto de combustível da cidade de Natal/RN, por meio de abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa, estudando os principais requisitos desse empreendimento, sob o ponto de vista do cliente. A pesquisa aponta que fatores como o preço do combustível, o pagamento com cartão de crédito e o bom atendimento são requisitos fundamentais para a fidelização do cliente

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

The servitization under the perspective of dynamic capabilities

The search for implementing servitization, which has currently been discussed in organizational as well as in academic domains, demands internal and external efforts from the organizations. As a significant part of the changes required by an organization that wishes to implement servitization occurs in its internal processes, the study of capabilities (competences) have become of great importance, seeking to understand what must be adapted and/or developed to implement this new practice. However, little is known about the required capabilities to deal with this new business model and how they modify themselves. The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the dynamic and operational capabilities necessary to the practice of servitization in organizations. Therefore, dynamic and operational capabilities were identified in the literature by means of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which returned 26 papers and pointed out 5 dynamic capabilities and 13 operational capabilities. These results confirmed the gap that exists in the literature regarding this topic, and served as constructs to conduct the case study interviews. The research method used was the study of multiple cases in organizations of different sectors that have already experienced servitization. The data analysis was performed using the Content Analysis (CA) technique. As main results, the presence of some capabilities pointed out in the literature was confirmed in the companies studied. These include the ability to learn new competencies/functions, the ability to establish partnerships with suppliers (third parties), the ability to flexibilize negotiations and contracts, the ability to assess the environment and risks, the ability to develop new products and services, the ability to customize or adapt the product, the ability to listen to customers' opinion and to identify customer needs, the capability to change and the ability technical training for employees and third parties. Some new capabilities were identified during the field research: the capability to perform maintenance and the capability to develop a service-oriented mentality. Thus, the research has brought empirical evidence of the presence of certain dynamic and operational capabilities in companies that perform the servitization, revealed the presence of other capabilities not directly mentioned in the literature and allowed to detail some of the capabilities (mainly operational) discussed in the theory. It made possible to identify practices and guidelines that foster the deployment of the capabilities needed for the servitization. Moreover, an additional analysis aimed at identifying relationships among the referred capabilities and the type of PSS that the organization wants to deploy, such as PSS oriented to the result, oriented to the use and basic services.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)A implantação da servitização, atualmente discutida tanto em ambiente organizacional como acadêmico, requer esforços internos e externos às organizações. Com a necessidade de mudanças em uma organização que deseja implantar a servitização, o estudo das capacidades (competências) tem se tornado de grande importância, buscando-se entender o que deve ser adaptado e/ou desenvolvido para implantar essa nova prática. No entanto, as capacidades requeridas para lidar com esse novo modelo de negócio ainda aparecem na literatura de forma superficial e dispersa. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e caracterizar as capacidades dinâmicas e operacionais necessárias à prática da servitização nas organizações. Para tanto, foram identificadas na literatura capacidades (dinâmicas e operacionais) a partir de uma Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática (RBS), que retornou 26 artigos, apontando 5 capacidades dinâmicas e 13 capacidades operacionais. Tais resultados confirmam a lacuna existente na literatura acerca do tema, e serviram como constructos para desenvolver o roteiro utilizado durante as entrevistas feitas para a pesquisa empírica. O método utilizado nesta pesquisa foi o estudo de casos múltiplos, em empresas de diferentes setores, mas que já tenham passado pela experiência da servitização, e a análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo (AC). A AC permitiu analisar detalhadamente trechos das entrevistas realizadas, identificando códigos, que posteriormente, rotulados, foram emparelhados com as capacidades já identificadas. Assim, como resultados principais, foi possível confirmar as capacidades apontadas na literatura (capacidade de aprendizado de novas funções, a capacidade de parcerias, a capacidade de flexibilizar contratos, a capacidade de avaliar ambiente e riscos para o negócio, a capacidade de desenvolver novos produtos e serviços, a capacidade de personalização, a capacidade de identificar e ouvir a opinião dos clientes, a capacidade de mudanças e a capacidade de fornecer treinamento técnico). Algumas novas capacidades foram identificadas durante a pesquisa de campo: a capacidade de prestar manutenção e a capacidade de desenvolver uma mentalidade voltada para serviços. Assim, a pesquisa trouxe evidências empíricas da presença de determinadas capacidades dinâmicas e operacionais em empresas que praticam a servitização, revelou a presença de outras capacidades não diretamente mencionadas na literatura e permitiu detalhar algumas das capacidades (sobretudo operacionais) discutidas na teoria, relacionando-as com diretrizes e práticas que conduzem ao desenvolvimento de tais capacidades. Além disso, buscou-se relacionar as referidas capacidades com o tipo de PSS que se deseja implantar na organização, dentre os tipos presentes nas empresas da pesquisa, como o PSS orientado ao resultado, orientado ao uso e serviços básicos.CAPES: Código de Financiamento 00

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods: We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5-19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings: From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation: The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity. Funding: UK Medical Research Council, UK Research and Innovation (Research England), UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK), and European Union