A genomic snapshot of demographic and cultural dynamism in Upper Mesopotamia during the Neolithic Transition

Upper Mesopotamia played a key role in the Neolithic Transition in Southwest Asia through marked innovations in symbolism, technology, and foodways. We present thirteen ancient genomes (c.8500-7500 calBCE) from Pre-Pottery Neolithic Çayönü in the Tigris basin together with bioarchaeological and material culture data. Our findings reveal that Çayönü was a genetically diverse population, carrying a mixed ancestry from western and eastern Fertile Crescent, and that the community received immigrants. Our results further suggest that the community was organised along biological family lines. We document bodily interventions such as head-shaping and cauterization among the individuals examined, reflecting Çayönü's cultural ingenuity. Finally, we identify Upper Mesopotamia as the likely source of eastern gene flow into Neolithic Anatolia, in line with material culture evidence. We hypothesise that Upper Mesopotamia's cultural dynamism during the Neolithic Transition was the product not only of its fertile lands but also of its interregional demographic connections

Sulphur analysis in soils of peripheries of power plants of Turkey

WOS: 000259602200084Within borders of Mugla district in Southwestern Turkey, there are three power plants operating called Yatagan, Yenikoy and Kemerkoy. These plants in which coal with low calorie and high sulphur content are used have been on the agenda of Turkey for long time, since they have been causing some environmental problems. Source of the claims are acid rains and these three power plans are indicated as major reason in distribution of natural plant cover and in product lost in agriculture. Within last 3 years, frequent but local forest deaths were recorded in forests of the region. These are Red pine (Pinus brutia Ten) forests. One of the major indicators of acid rain is increasing in amount of sulphur within soil. In our survey, lots of soil sample were taken form the region with priority of the sites where the deaths in trees were observed. Samples were analyzed in Department of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture Ege University. Findings of the study have revealed that sulphur levels are not high in the soils of the region and even it is under the normal leve! at some localities. For this reason, it has been concluded that the subject should be considered with different perspectives

Effects of electromagnetic fields produced by high voltage transmission on physiology of Juglans regia L. and Cerasus avium L. Moench

Y;uuml;ksek gerilim hattının, elektromanyetik alanlarına maruz kalmış olanJuglans regia L. (ceviz) ve Cerasus avium L. Moench (kiraz) bitkilerinin hormon i;ccedil;erikleri ve bitkilerin fizyolojisi ;uuml;zerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Sonu;ccedil;larımızda, Absisik asit (ABA) i;ccedil;eriği artarken, gibberellik asit (GA3) miktarı azalmış, klorofil a ve b i;ccedil;eriklerinde de bir azalış olduğu kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında g;ouml;zlenmiştir. İndole-3-asetik asit (IAA) miktarı Juglans regia ;amp;#8216;da artış ve Cerasus avium;amp;#8217;da bir azalış ile t;uuml;re ;ouml;zg;uuml;n bir ;ouml;zellik sergilemektedir. Fizyolojik etkilerine g;ouml;re y;uuml;ksek voltajın b;uuml;y;uuml;me ve gelişme ve yaprak kalınlığı ;uuml;zerine negatif etkileri vardır ve bitkilerin yaprak anatomilerinde yaprak mezofili daha yoğun paketlenmiş mezofil olarak modifikasyonlar g;ouml;stermektedir. Sadece Cerasus avium L. Moench yaprak anatomik enine kesitlerinde yağ h;uuml;crelerinde artış g;ouml;zlenmektedir.We studied the hormone contents of Juglans regia L. (walnut) and Cerasus avium L. Moench (cherry) exposed to electromagnetic fields of high voltage transmission line and the effects of the exposure on the physiology of plants. While an increase was observed in abscisic acid (ABA) contents, decreases were observed in gibberellic acid (GA3) contents and in the chlorophyll a, b quantities of these plants, compared to the control groups. The indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content exhibited a species specific property with an increase in Juglans regia and a decrease in Cerasus avium plants. According to physiological effects, high voltage had negative effects to the growth and development of the plants and their leaf thickness and leaf mesophyll show modifications as densely packed mesophyll in leaf anatomies of plants. Oil cell increases were observed only in the anatomical cross sections of leaves of Cerasus avium L. Moench